{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1784567828467,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiomyopathy, a disorder of electrical or heart muscle function, represents a type of cardiac muscle failure and culminates in severe heart conditions. The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is higher than that of other types (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy) and causes many deaths. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a type of DCM with an unknown underlying cause. This study aims to analyze the gene network of IDCM patients to identify disease biomarkers. Data were first extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and normalized based on the RMA algorithm (Bioconductor package), and differentially expressed genes were identified. The gene network was mapped on the STRING website, and the data were transferred to Cytoscape software to determine the top 100 genes. In the following, several genes, including VEGFA, IGF1, APP, STAT1, CCND1, MYH10, and MYH11, were selected for clinical studies. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 14 identified IDCM patients and 14 controls. The RT-PCR results revealed no significant differences in the expression of the genes APP, MYH10, and MYH11 between the two groups. By contrast, the STAT1, IGF1, CCND1, and VEGFA genes were overexpressed in patients more than in controls. The highest expression was found for VEGFA, followed by CCND1 (p &lt; 0.001). Overexpression of these genes may contribute to disease progression in patients with IDCM. However, more patients and genes need to be analyzed in order to achieve more robust results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14061243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1686533301000},"page":"1243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CCND1 Overexpression in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Promising Biomarker?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Khatereh","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6939-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Bagherabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Atashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Beygi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirreza","family":"Hooshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pezhman","family":"Hamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Farhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Study and Diagnostic Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soghra","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4060-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samaneh","family":"Zolghadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 7414785318, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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