{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:43:52Z","timestamp":1790671432132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[(2021)] General 151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2021)] General 151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[(2022)] 021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2022)] 021-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["32260835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260835"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["[(2021)] General 151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2021)] General 151"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["[(2022)] 021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2022)] 021-1"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou High Level Innovative Talents Project","award":["32260835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260835"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou High Level Innovative Talents Project","award":["[(2021)] General 151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2021)] General 151"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou High Level Innovative Talents Project","award":["[(2022)] 021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[(2022)] 021-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive competence in male mammals depends on testicular function. Testicular development and spermatogenesis in goats involve highly complex physiological processes. In this study, six testes were, respectively, obtained from each age group, immature (1 month), sexually mature (6 months) and physically mature (12 months old) Qianbei Ma goats. RNA-Seq was performed to assess testicular mRNA expression in Qianbei Ma goats at different developmental stages. Totally, 18 libraries were constructed to screen genes and pathways involved in testis development and spermatogenesis. Totally, 9724 upregulated and 4153 downregulated DEGs were found between immature (I) and sexually mature (S) samples; 7 upregulated and 3 downregulated DEGs were found between sexually mature (S) and physically mature (P) samples, and about 4% of the DEGs underwent alternative splicing events between I and S. Select genes were assessed by qRT-PCR, corroborating RNA-Seq findings. The detected genes have key roles in multiple developmental stages of goat testicular development and spermatogenesis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO analysis revealed DEGs between S and P contributed to \u201creproduction process\u201d, \u201cchannel activity\u201d and \u201ccell periphery part\u201d between I and S, and in \u201cion transport process\u201d, \u201cchannel activity\u201d and \u201ctransporter complex part\u201d. KEGG analysis suggested the involvement of \u201cglycerolipid metabolism\u201d, \u201csteroid hormone biosynthesis\u201d and \u201cMAPK signaling pathway\u201d in testis development and spermatogenesis. Genes including IGF1, TGFB1, TGFBR1 and EGFR may control the development of the testis from immature to sexually mature, which might be important candidate genes for the development of goat testis. The current study provides novel insights into goat testicular development and spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:05:02Z","timestamp":1687745102000},"page":"1334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis of the Developing Testis and Spermatogenesis in Qianbei Ma Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8444-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingzhou","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaibin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4168-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taotao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199807)20:7<555::AID-BIES6>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of male germ cell 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