{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:54:46Z","timestamp":1792184086223,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital","award":["KMTTH-108-056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-108-056"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital","award":["KMTTH-110-056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-110-056"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital","award":["KMTTH-111-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-111-041"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital","award":["KMU-M12010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-M12010"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","award":["KMTTH-108-056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-108-056"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","award":["KMTTH-110-056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-110-056"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","award":["KMTTH-111-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMTTH-111-041"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","award":["KMU-M12010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-M12010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, non-scarring, immune-mediated skin disease that affects approximately 0.5\u20132% of the global population. The etiology of AA is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors, with significant advancements in genetic research occurring in recent years. In addition to well-known genes such as PTPN22, CTLA4, and IL2, which have been widely supported as being associated with AA, an increasing number of specific gene-related loci have been discovered through advances in genetic research. For instance, gene analysis of microRNAs can reveal the critical role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression, aiding in the understanding of cellular and organismal functional regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of correlations between AA and other immune-related diseases. Examples include hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. By understanding the interrelationships between AA and other immune diseases, we can further comprehend potential shared genetic foundations or pathogenic mechanisms among different diseases. Genetic research plays a crucial role in unraveling the pathogenesis of AA, as the identification of genetic variations associated with AA can assist in formulating more effective and targeted treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:49:47Z","timestamp":1687999787000},"page":"1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Alopecia Areata: A Cutting Edge Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1046-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yi","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Yen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff Yi-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e404","article-title":"Alopecia Areata. 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