{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:43:42Z","timestamp":1784025822828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M691094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M691094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M691094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M691094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrin members are cell adhesion receptors that bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to regulate cell\u2013cell adhesion and cell-ECM adhesion. This process is essential for tissue development and organogenesis. The fusion of two testes is a physiological phenomenon that is required for sperm production and effective reproduction in many Lepidoptera. However, the molecular mechanism of testicular fusion is unclear. In Spodoptera litura, two separated testes fuse into a single testis during the larva-to-pupa transformation. We identified five \u03b1 and five \u03b2 integrin subunits that were closely associated with testicular fusion. Integrin \u03b11 and \u03b12 belong to the position-specific 1 (PS1) and PS2 groups, respectively. Integrin \u03b13, \u03b1PS1\/\u03b1PS2, and \u03b1PS3 were clustered into the PS3 group. Integrin \u03b21 belonged to the insect \u03b2 group, and \u03b22, \u03b23, and \u03b25 were clustered in the \u03b2\u03bd group. Among these integrins, \u03b11, \u03b12, \u03b13, \u03b1PS1\/PS2, \u03b1PS3, \u03b21, and \u03b24 subunits were highly expressed when the testes fused. However, their expression levels were much lower before and after the fusion of the testis. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that integrin \u03b21 mRNA and the protein were highly expressed in the peritoneal sheath of the testis, particularly when the testes fused. These results indicate that integrins might participate in S. litura testicular fusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:41:05Z","timestamp":1689554465000},"page":"1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification and Expression of Integrins during Testicular Fusion in Spodoptera litura"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yaqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhu","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qili","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00971-6","article-title":"Integrins: Bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines","volume":"110","author":"Hynes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01014","article-title":"Integrin activation","volume":"117","author":"Calderwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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