{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:23:06Z","timestamp":1774448586081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive role of specific clinical factors for the diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type-1 (MEN1) and type-4 (MEN4) in patients with an initial diagnosis of gastrointestinal, bronchial, or thymic neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Methods: Patients referred to the NET Unit between June 2021 and December 2022 with a diagnosis of NET and at least one clinical criterion of suspicion for MEN1 and MEN4 underwent molecular analysis of the MEN1 and CDKN1B genes. Phenotypic criteria were: (1) age \u2264 40 years; (2) NET multifocality; (3) MEN1\/4-associated manifestations other than NETs; and (4) endocrine syndrome related to NETs or pituitary\/adrenal tumors. Results: A total of 22 patients were studied. In 18 patients (81.8%), the first-level genetic test was negative (Group A), while four patients (25%) were positive for MEN1 (Group B). No patient was positive for MEN4. In Group A, 10 cases had only one clinical criterion, and three patients met three criteria. In Group B, three patients had three criteria, and one met all criteria. Conclusion: These preliminary data show that a diagnosis of NET in patients with a negative family history is suggestive of MEN1 in the presence of \u2265three positive phenotypic criteria, including early age, multifocality, multiple MEN-associated manifestations, and endocrine syndromes. This indication may allow optimization of the diagnosis of MEN in patients with NET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14091782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1694422852000},"page":"1782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical Factors Predicting Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and Type 4 in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antongiulio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Fazzalari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Mikovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Zamponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Mazzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8569-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Piane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"UOD Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5067-3121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Visco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"UOD Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"UOD Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.08.002","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4)","volume":"386","author":"Thakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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