{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:51:57Z","timestamp":1790913117768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82260742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260742"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32260132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260132"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["jxsq2020101050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["jxsq2020101050"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi \u201cDouble Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["82260742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260742"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi \u201cDouble Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["32260132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260132"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi \u201cDouble Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["jxsq2020101050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["jxsq2020101050"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi \u201cDouble Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Ten Thousand People Plan","award":["82260742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260742"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Ten Thousand People Plan","award":["32260132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260132"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Ten Thousand People Plan","award":["jxsq2020101050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["jxsq2020101050"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Ten Thousand People Plan","award":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"]}]},{"name":"Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023","award":["82260742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260742"]}]},{"name":"Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023","award":["32260132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260132"]}]},{"name":"Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023","award":["jxsq2020101050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["jxsq2020101050"]}]},{"name":"Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023","award":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWRQNBJ-2018-161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leeches are well-known annelids due to their obligate blood-feeding habits. Some leech species secrete various biologically active substances which have important medical and pharmaceutical value in antithrombotic treatments. In this study, we provided a high-quality genome of the Asian buffalo leech (Hirudinaria manillensis), based on which we performed a systematic identification of potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. Combining automatic and manual prediction, we identified 21 antithrombotic gene families including fourteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. A total of 72 antithrombotic genes, including two pseudogenes, were identified, including most of their corresponding proteins forming three or more disulfide bonds. Three protein families (LDTI, antistasin, and granulin) had internal tandem repeats containing 6, 10, and 12 conserved cysteines, respectively. We also measured the anticoagulant activities of the five identified hirudins (hirudin_Hman1 ~ hirudin_Hman5). The results showed that three (hirudin_Hman1, hirudin_Hman2, and hirudin_Hman5), but not the remaining two, exhibited anticoagulant activities. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a leech to date. These results will greatly facilitate the research and application of leech derivatives for medical and pharmaceutical purposes in the treatment of thrombotic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14112068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:10:43Z","timestamp":1699841443000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Revisiting the Asian Buffalo Leech (Hirudinaria manillensis) Genome: Focus on Antithrombotic Genes and Their Corresponding Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zichao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7778-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji\u2019an 343009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji\u2019an 343009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingmei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiquan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji\u2019an 343009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nujiang Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonghua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji\u2019an 343009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLoughery, T.G. 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