{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1787065378973,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this review was to examine the current literature regarding the effect of maternal lifestyle interventions (i.e., diet and physical activity) on the epigenome of the offspring. PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane-CENTRAL were screened until 8 July 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where a lifestyle intervention was compared to no intervention (standard care) were included. Outcome variables included DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications. A qualitative approach was used for the consideration of the studies\u2019 results. Seven studies and 1765 mother\u2013child pairs were assessed. The most common types of intervention were dietary advice, physical activity, and following a specific diet (olive oil). The included studies correlated the lifestyle and physical activity intervention in pregnancy to genome-wide or gene-specific differential methylation and miRNA expression in the cord blood or the placenta. An intervention of diet and physical activity in pregnancy was found to be associated with slight changes in the epigenome (DNA methylation and miRNA expression) in fetal tissues. The regions involved were related to adiposity, metabolic processes, type 2 diabetes, birth weight, or growth. However, not all studies showed significant differences in DNA methylation. Further studies with similar parameters are needed to have robust and comparable results and determine the biological role of such modifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15010076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T07:59:20Z","timestamp":1704700760000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Effect of Maternal Diet and Physical Activity on the Epigenome of the Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5159-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Panagiotidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Chatzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Ververi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Genetic Unit, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makarios","family":"Eleftheriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Sotiriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 22 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy037","article-title":"The Impact of Periconceptional Maternal Lifestyle on Clinical Features and Biomarkers of Placental Development and Function: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Reijnders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. 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