{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:19:11Z","timestamp":1790849951754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"Gray Lady Foundation and the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant# 02703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant# 02703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"Gray Lady Foundation and the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01OD019912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01OD019912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"Gray Lady Foundation and the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bee Hanlon\/JoAnne Schmidt O\u2019Brien Fellowhip","award":["Grant# 02703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant# 02703"]}]},{"name":"Bee Hanlon\/JoAnne Schmidt O\u2019Brien Fellowhip","award":["K01OD019912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01OD019912"]}]},{"name":"Bee Hanlon\/JoAnne Schmidt O\u2019Brien Fellowhip","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant# 02703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant# 02703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01OD019912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01OD019912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant# 02703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant# 02703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01OD019912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01OD019912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to primary hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of eight Miniature Schnauzers with primary HTG and screened for risk variants in six HTG candidate genes: LPL, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1, LMF1, and APOE. Variants were filtered to identify those present in \u22652 Miniature Schnauzers with primary HTG and uncommon (&lt;10% allele frequency) in a WGS variant database including 613 dogs from 61 other breeds. Three variants passed filtering: an APOE TATA box deletion, an LMF1 intronic SNP, and a GPIHBP1 missense variant. The APOE and GPIHBP1 variants were genotyped in a cohort of 108 Miniature Schnauzers, including 68 with primary HTG and 40 controls. A multivariable regression model, including age and sex, did not identify an effect of APOE (estimate = 0.18, std. error = 0.14; p = 0.20) or GPIHBP1 genotypes (estimate = \u22120.26, std. error = 0.42; p = 0.54) on triglyceride concentration. In conclusion, we did not identify a monogenic cause for primary HTG in Miniature Schnauzers in the six genes evaluated. However, if HTG in Miniature Schnauzers is a complex disease resulting from the cumulative effects of multiple variants and environment, the identified variants cannot be ruled out as contributing factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15020193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T08:44:06Z","timestamp":1706690646000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sequence Analysis of Six Candidate Genes in Miniature Schnauzers with Primary Hypertriglyceridemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VCA Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Thomas-Hollands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VCA CARE Centre, Calgary, AB T2H 2Y4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5472-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie M.","family":"Minor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonah N.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7510-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven G.","family":"Friedenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6951-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Mickelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis G.","family":"Xenoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"},{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7339-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Furrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01942.x","article-title":"Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers","volume":"21","author":"Xenoulis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0644.x","article-title":"Serum triglyceride concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with and without a history of probable pancreatitis","volume":"25","author":"Xenoulis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.10.019","article-title":"The association between gall bladder mucoceles and hyperlipidaemia in dogs: A retrospective case control study","volume":"199","author":"Kutsunai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.04.009","article-title":"Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"212","author":"Furrow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02516.x","article-title":"Mutations in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1, and LMF1 in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"272","author":"Surendran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Schickel, R. (2005). Identification of the Nucleotide Sequence of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene as well as Its Role in the Development of Hyperlipidemia and Pancreatitis in the Miniature Schnauzer. [Ph.D. Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians University]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105559","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the coding regions of the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) gene in Miniature Schnauzers with idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"265","author":"Xenoulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R102","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv259","article-title":"Non-coding genetic variants in human disease","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816681412","article-title":"Glomerular lesions in proteinuric Miniature Schnauzer dogs","volume":"54","author":"Furrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.007","article-title":"APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia","volume":"328","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2434-2","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system","volume":"583","author":"Turro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12460","article-title":"The canine era: The rise of a biomedical model","volume":"47","author":"Leegwater","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jkad117","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkad117","article-title":"WAGS: User-friendly, rapid, containerized pipelines for processing, variant discovery, and annotation of short read whole genome sequencing data","volume":"27","author":"Cullen","year":"2023","journal-title":"G3"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Wallerman, O., Arendt, M.-L., Sundstr\u00f6m, E., Karlsson, A., Nordin, J., M\u00e4kel\u00e4inen, S., Pielberg, G.R., Hanson, J., and Ohlsson, \u00c5. (2021). A novel canine reference genome resolves genomic architecture and uncovers transcript complexity. Commun. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01698-x"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren, W., Gil, L., Hunt, S.E., Riat, H.S., Ritchie, G.R.S., Thormann, A., Flicek, P., and Cunningham, F. (2016). The Ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0974-4"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0028-8","article-title":"Eukaryotic core promoters and the functional basis of transcription initiation","volume":"19","author":"Haberle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7155","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.17.7155","article-title":"RNA splice junctions of different classes of eukaryotes: Sequence statistics and functional implications in gene expression","volume":"15","author":"Shapiro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0369","article-title":"Dog age and breeds associated with high plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations","volume":"76","author":"Usui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.11.005","article-title":"Lipoprotein Lipase and Its Regulators: An Unfolding Story","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(70)90468-7","article-title":"A specific apoprotein activator for lipoprotein lipase","volume":"41","author":"LaRosa","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25383","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501589200","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-V-heparin interactions: Implications for plasma lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"280","author":"Lookene","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Mutations in LMF1 cause combined lipase deficiency and severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"39","author":"Peterfy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.023","article-title":"GPIHBP1 and lipoprotein lipase, partners in plasma triglyceride metabolism","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.097857.109","article-title":"Detection of nonneutral substitution rates on mammalian phylogenies","volume":"20","author":"Pollard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1933104","article-title":"Aligning multiple genomic sequences with the threaded blockset aligner","volume":"14","author":"Blanchette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248","article-title":"A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations","volume":"7","author":"Adzhubei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21047","article-title":"Functional annotations improve the predictive score of human disease-related mutations in proteins","volume":"30","author":"Calabrese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu031","article-title":"InterProScan5:genome-scale protein function classification","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12527","article-title":"Fasting urinary calcium-to-creatinine and oxalate-to-creatinine ratios in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis and breed-matched controls","volume":"29","author":"Furrow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14833","article-title":"Clinical consequences of hypertriglyceridemia associated proteinuria in Miniature Schnauzers","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg526","article-title":"NEBcutter: A program to cleave DNA with restriction enzymes","volume":"31","author":"Vincze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks596","article-title":"Primer3--new capabilities and interfaces","volume":"40","author":"Untergasser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122828","article-title":"Structure and expression of mouse apolipoprotein E gene","volume":"106","author":"Horuchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04831.x","article-title":"Important differences between human and mouse APOE gene promoters: Limitation of mouse APOE model in studying Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"103","author":"Maloney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, S.H., Han, H.W., and Moon, J. (2015). Functional analysis of the molecular interactions of TATA box-containing genes and essential genes. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120848"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.008086","article-title":"A natural CYP2B6 TATA box polymorphism (82T-> C) leading to enhanced transcription and relocation of the transcriptional start site","volume":"67","author":"Zukunft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.2.348","article-title":"Compound heterozygosity for an apolipoprotein A1 gene promoter mutation and a structural nonsense mutation with apolipoprotein A1 deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21494","article-title":"Distribution and effect of apo E genotype on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles in overweight\/obese and nonobese Chinese subjects","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.042","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype and the cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: Impact of sex and adiposity (the FINGEN study)","volume":"221","author":"Kofler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.09.010","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype and changes in serum lipids and maximal oxygen uptake with exercise training","volume":"53","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-37","article-title":"The effect of whole grain wheat sourdough bread consumption on serum lipids in healthy normoglycemic\/normoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic\/hyperinsulinemic adults depends on presence of the APOE E3\/E3 genotype: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Tucker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15226","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15226","article-title":"Association of ApoE gene polymorphisms with serum lipid levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population of central China","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1809-4","article-title":"Deep intronic mutations and human disease","volume":"136","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P119000335","article-title":"Partial LPL deletions: Rare copy-number variants contributing towards severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"60","author":"Dron","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-011-9406-5","article-title":"Deletion of GPIHBP1 causing severe hyperchylomicronemia","volume":"35","author":"Rios","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Inherit Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.04.001","article-title":"Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia in a child with large homozygous deletion encompassing GPIHBP1","volume":"10","author":"Patni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.150680","article-title":"Resequencing genomic DNA of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (MIM 144650)","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1062","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia in the genomic era: A new paradigm","volume":"36","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.15","article-title":"The genetics of familial combined hyperlipidaemia","volume":"8","author":"Brouwers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.03.013","article-title":"Physiological regulation of lipoprotein lipase","volume":"1841","author":"Kersten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.10.006","article-title":"Severe hypertriglyceridemia is primarily polygenic","volume":"13","author":"Dron","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.01.003","article-title":"The polygenic nature of mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"14","author":"Dron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15880","article-title":"Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"34","author":"Xenoulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Albuquerque, P., De Marco, V., Vendramini, T.H.A., Amaral, A.R., Catanozi, S., Santana, K.G., Nunes, V.S., Nakandakare, E.R., and Brunetto, M.A. (2021). Supplementation of omega-3 and dietary factors can influence the cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia in hyperlipidemic Schnauzer dogs: A preliminary report. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258058"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawasumi, K., Kashiwado, N., Okada, Y., Sawamura, M., Sasaki, Y., Iwazaki, E., Mori, N., Yamamoto, I., and Arai, T. (2014). Age effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride profiles and metabolite concentrations in dogs. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-57"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/2\/193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1760104326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/2\/193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["genes15020193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes15020193","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]}}}