{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:06:05Z","timestamp":1790280365039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR-PNRR M4-C2-I1.3 PE6 project PE00000019 Heal Italia","award":["E83C22004670001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E83C22004670001"]}]},{"name":"MUR-PNRR M4-C2-I1.3 PE6 project PE00000019 Heal Italia","award":["T3-AN-04 \u201cGENERA\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T3-AN-04 \u201cGENERA\u201d"]}]},{"name":"FSC 2014-2020","award":["E83C22004670001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E83C22004670001"]}]},{"name":"FSC 2014-2020","award":["T3-AN-04 \u201cGENERA\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T3-AN-04 \u201cGENERA\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vitamin D receptor (VDR), binding to the active form of the vitamin, promotes the transcription of numerous genes involved in the proliferation of immune cells, cytokine production and lymphocyte activation. It is known that vitamin D deficiency can influence the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or modulate its disease activity. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the rs11568820 (C &gt; T) polymorphism in the promoter region of VDR gene and the response to therapy with anti-TNF drugs in patients with RA. A total of 178 consecutive Italian patients with RA treated with anti-TNF, na\u00efve for biological therapy, were recruited. Disease activity data were evaluated using specific indices such as DAS28, CDAI and SDAI, measured at the start of therapy and subsequently at 22, 52, 104 and 240 weeks. A statistically significant association emerged between the rs11568820 variant allele of VDR gene and failure to remission assessed by CDAI and SDAI at 52 weeks, and by DAS28, CDAI and SDAI at 104 weeks of follow-up. Furthermore, the variant allele of this polymorphism was observed more frequently in patients who did not undergo sustained remission calculated by CDAI and SDAI. The variant T allele of rs11568820 in VDR gene is associated with a reduced remission rate with anti-TNF\u03b1 drugs. These data suggest the role of VDR genetic variability in the response to therapy and in the achievement of remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15020234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T04:09:21Z","timestamp":1707797361000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The rs11568820 Variant in the Promoter Region of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is Associated with Clinical Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5350-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Latini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"De Benedittis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Conigliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4963-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Iacovantuono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1872-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7781-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"},{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sole","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3995-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Ciccacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Borgiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000486536","article-title":"Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions","volume":"72","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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