{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:20:01Z","timestamp":1765484401849,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lyuliang Development Zone\u2019s Plan to Introduce High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Fund of Lyuliang University","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Joint Project of the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"Science, Education and Culture Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Finance","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Yunnan Province","award":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC26","32060733","202401BD070001-004","202302AE090016","[2022]281-A3032022211","2018BB003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2) not only plays a crucial role in regulating sperm maturation but also is pivotal in orchestrating the acrosome reaction. Here, we integrated single-molecule long-read and short-read sequencing to comprehensively examine GSK3\u03b2 expression patterns in adult Diannan small-ear pig (DSE) testes. We identified the most important transcript ENSSSCT00000039364 of GSK3\u03b2, obtaining its full-length coding sequence (CDS) spanning 1263 bp. Gene structure analysis located GSK3\u03b2 on pig chromosome 13 with 12 exons. Protein structure analysis reflected that GSK3\u03b2 consisted of 420 amino acids containing PKc-like conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the evolutionary conservation and homology of GSK3\u03b2 across different mammalian species. The evaluation of the protein interaction network, KEGG, and GO pathways implied that GSK3\u03b2 interacted with 50 proteins, predominantly involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, papillomavirus infection, hippo signaling pathway, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Functional annotation identified that GSK3\u03b2 was involved in thirteen GOs, including six molecular functions and seven biological processes. ceRNA network analysis suggested that DSE GSK3\u03b2 was regulated by 11 miRNA targets. Furthermore, qPCR expression analysis across 15 tissues highlighted that GSK3\u03b2 was highly expressed in the testis. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the majority of the GSK3\u03b2 protein was located in the cytoplasm of ST (swine testis) cells, with a small amount detected in the nucleus. Overall, our findings shed new light on GSK3\u03b2\u2019s role in DSE reproduction, providing a foundation for further functional studies of GSK3\u03b2 function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Provides Insight into the Function of GSK3\u03b2 Gene in Diannan Small-Ear Pig Spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lvliang 033001, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingting","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.05.027","article-title":"The dynamics and regulation of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis","volume":"706","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02831.x","article-title":"Changes in sperm glycogen synthase kinase-3 serine phosphorylation and activity accompany motility initiation and stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Somanath","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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