{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:57:53Z","timestamp":1767085073600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Rzesz\u00f3w"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum, also called slippers, are among the most valued representatives of the Orchidaceae family due to their aesthetic qualities. Due to overexploitation, deforestation, and illegal trade in these plants, especially in the vegetative phase, Paphiopedilum requires special protection. This genus is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Their precise identification is of great importance for the preservation of genetic resources and biodiversity of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Therefore, the main objective of the study was to investigate the usefulness of the DNA barcoding technique for the identification of endangered orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum and to determine the effectiveness of five loci: matK, rbcL, ITS2, atpF-atpH and trnH-psbA as potential molecular markers for species of this genus. Among single locus barcodes, matK was the most effective at identifying species (64%). Furthermore, matK, ITS2, matK + rbcL, and matK + trnH-psbA barcodes can be successfully used as a complementary tool to identify Paphiopedilum orchids while supporting morphological data provided by taxonomists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1716804847000},"page":"689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unlocking the Genetic Identity of Endangered Paphiopedilum Orchids: A DNA Barcoding Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-5568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Karbarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5081-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Szlachcikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 35-225 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Zapa\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Le\u015bko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muzeum-Zamek w \u0141a\u0144cucie, 37-100 \u0141a\u0144cut, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13189","article-title":"Reticulate Evolution and Sea-Level Fluctuations Together Drove Species Diversification of Slipper Orchids (Paphiopedilum) in South-East Asia","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. 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