{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:29:02Z","timestamp":1789216142602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006537","name":"Campus France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["934152H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["934152H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human louse (Pediculus humanus) is an obligatory blood feeding ectoparasite with two ecotypes: the human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus), a competent vector of several bacterial pathogens, and the human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis), responsible for pediculosis and affecting millions of people around the globe. GABA (\u03b3-aminobutyric acid) receptors, members of the cys-loop ligand gated ion channel superfamily, are among the main pharmacological targets for insecticides. In insects, there are four subunits of GABA receptors: resistant-to-dieldrin (RDL), glycin-like receptor of drosophila (GRD), ligand-gated chloride channel homologue3 (LCCH3), and 8916 are well described and form distinct phylogenetic clades revealing orthologous relationships. Our previous studies in the human body louse confirmed that subunits Phh-RDL, Phh-GRD, and Phh-LCCH3 are well clustered in their corresponding clades. In the present work, we cloned and characterized a putative new GABA receptor subunit in the human body louse that we named HoCas, for Homologous to Cys-loop \u03b1 like subunit. Extending our analysis to arthropods, HoCas was found to be conserved and clustered in a new (fifth) phylogenetic clade. Interestingly, the gene encoding this subunit is ancestral and has been lost in some insect orders. Compared to the other studied GABA receptor subunits, HoCas exhibited a relatively higher expression level in all development stages and in different tissues of human body louse. These findings improved our understanding of the complex nature of GABA receptors in Pediculus humanus and more generally in arthropods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15070844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T03:42:30Z","timestamp":1719546150000},"page":"844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and Spatiotemporal Expression of a Putative New GABA Receptor Subunit in the Human Body Louse Pediculus humanus humanus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6208-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Hashim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Gezira, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthine","family":"Toubat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude L.","family":"Charvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MPN, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6403-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimun A. E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Albaha University, Al Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Neveu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MPN, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dimier-Poisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Debierre-Grockiego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Dupuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangar\u00e9, A.K., Doumbo, O.K., and Raoult, D. 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