{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T06:14:19Z","timestamp":1775542459686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute coronary heart disease (CHD) is mainly caused by the rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Many different factors can cause stenosis or even occlusion of the coronary artery lumen, such as vasculitis and platelet aggregation. Our study was performed to assess the association between PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms and the risk of CHD, as well as the association between studied polymorphisms and selected clinical parameters affecting the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. A total of 232 patients with unstable angina were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphism distributions between the total study and control groups. Total cholesterol plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with the PON1 rs662 TT genotype compared to those with the CC+TC genotypes, as well as in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. LDL plasma levels were significantly increased in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. Plasma levels of HDL were significantly decreased in patients with the TRIB1 rs17321515 AA+AG genotypes compared to those with the GG genotype, as well as in patients with the TRIB1 rs2954029 AA+AT genotypes compared to those with the TT genotype. Our results suggest that the analysed polymorphisms are not risk factors for unstable angina in the Polish population. However, the results of this study indicate an association between the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms with lipid parameters in patients with coronary artery disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15070871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1719986658000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Lipid Parameters in Patients with Unstable Angina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Malinowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Safranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: Update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04064-3","article-title":"The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids","volume":"600","author":"Graham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30875-7","article-title":"Comprehensive genetic analysis of the human lipidome identifies loci associated with lipid homeostasis with links to coronary artery disease","volume":"13","author":"Cadby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn188","article-title":"Polygenic determinants of severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., He, M., Mo, Z., Wu, C., Yang, H., Yu, D., Yang, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., and Sun, J. (2013). A genome wide association study identifies common variants associated with lipid levels in the Chinese population. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082420"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.10.010","article-title":"Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases","volume":"132","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86231-0","article-title":"Paraoxonase 1 concerning dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in haemodialysis patients","volume":"11","author":"Grzegorzewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05768-1","article-title":"TRIB1 is a positive regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha","volume":"7","author":"Soubeyrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-13-0243","article-title":"TRIB1 downregulates hepatic lipogenesis and glycogenesis via multiple molecular interactions","volume":"52","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146775","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146775","article-title":"TRIB1 regulates LDL metabolism through CEBP\u03b1-mediated effects on the LDL receptor in hepatocytes","volume":"131","author":"Vitali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"593","article-title":"Associa\u00e7\u0103o do Gen\u00f3tipo e Fen\u00f3tipo da Paraoxonase-1 com Angiografia Positiva para Doen\u00e7a Arterial Coronariana","volume":"119","author":"Soflaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. De Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, N., Jan, A., Saeed, M., Khan, M.A., Parveen, Z., Iqbal, J., Ali, S., Shah, W.A., and Akbar, R. (2023). Association of APOE (rs429358 and rs7412) and PON1 (Q192R and L55M) Variants with Myocardial Infarction in the Pashtun Ethnic Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030687"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147613","article-title":"Polymorphisms of TRIB1 genes for coronary artery disease and stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"880","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4444708","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4444708","article-title":"Effect of TRIB1 Variant on Lipid Profile and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2023","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2022-0064","article-title":"The association of paraoxonase I gene polymorphisms Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560) and its activity with metabolic syndrome components in fars ethnic group","volume":"44","author":"Marjani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Bretes, E., Per\u0142a-Kaj\u00e1n, J., Lewandowska, I., Marczak, \u0141., and Jakubowski, H. (2020). Genetic Attenuation of Paraoxonase 1 Activity Induces Proatherogenic Changes in Plasma Proteomes of Mice and Humans. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121198"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0937-8","article-title":"Associations of the PON1 rs662 polymorphism with circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipid levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.10.009","article-title":"Correlation of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels to vascular complications and human serum paraoxonase in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Tsuzura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5154","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.898231","article-title":"Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) rs662 Polymorphism and Its Association with Serum Lipid Levels and Longevity in the Bama Zhuang Population","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0924-0","article-title":"Associations of the PON1 rs854560 polymorphism with plasma lipid levels: A meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2217\/pme-2021-0133","article-title":"Association of PON-1 polymorphism with susceptibility to and severity of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-021-10043-0","article-title":"The Role of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Gene Polymorphisms in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"59","author":"Ashiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116646","article-title":"A meta-analysis on relationship between paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases","volume":"232","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-018-4737-8","article-title":"Significant association between paraoxonase 1 rs662 polymorphism and coronary heart disease","volume":"45","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77095","article-title":"Tribbles-1 regulates hepatic lipogenesis through posttranscriptional regulation of C\/EBP\u03b1","volume":"125","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31003","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.685982","article-title":"The Liver Clock Controls Cholesterol Homeostasis through Trib1 Protein-mediated Regulation of PCSK9\/Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) Axis","volume":"290","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moya, L., Lai, J., Hoffman, A., Srinivasan, S., Panchadsaram, J., Chambers, S., Clements, J.A., Batra, J., and BioResource, A.P.C. (2018). Association Analysis of a Microsatellite Repeat in the TRIB1 Gene with Prostate Cancer Risk, Aggressiveness and Survival. Front. Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00428"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000884","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000884","article-title":"Functional analysis of the trib1 associated locus linked to plasma triglycerides and coronary artery disease","volume":"3","author":"Douvris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.291","article-title":"Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia","volume":"41","author":"Kathiresan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.109.908004","article-title":"Investigation of variants identified in caucasian genome-wide association studies for plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels in mexican dyslipidemic study samples","volume":"3","author":"Sinsheimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varga, T.V., Sonestedt, E., Shungin, D., Koivula, R.W., Hallmans, G., Escher, S.A., Barroso, I., Nilsson, P., Melander, O., and Orho-Melander, M. (2014). Genetic determinants of long-term changes in blood lipid concentrations: 10-year follow-up of the glacier study. PLoS Genet., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004388"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.115.001096","article-title":"Genetic Susceptibility to Lipid Levels and Lipid Change Over Time and Risk of Incident Hyperlipidemia in Chinese Populations","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.271","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis of metabolic traits in a birth cohort from a founder population","volume":"41","author":"Sabatti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.201020","article-title":"Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"30","author":"Waterworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1108-2","article-title":"TRIB1 rs17321515 gene polymorphism increases the risk of coronary heart disease in general population and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients in Chinese Han population","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.20","article-title":"TRIB1 constitutes a molecular link between regulation of sleep and lipid metabolism in humans","volume":"2","author":"Ollila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.216333","article-title":"TRIB1 and GCKR polymorphisms, lipid levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease in the general population","volume":"31","author":"Varbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.233.149","article-title":"The A>T polymorphism of the tribbles homolog 1 gene is associated with serum triglyceride concentrations in japanese community-dwelling women","volume":"233","author":"Ikeoka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/7\/871\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:09:14Z","timestamp":1760108954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/7\/871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["genes15070871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes15070871","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}}}