{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:40:55Z","timestamp":1768891255371,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["22K11506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K11506"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study sought to assess how post-game creatine kinase (CK) levels correlate with the number of sprints and the impact of the ACTN3 polymorphism on this response. This research constituted a descriptive\/observational, retrospective cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from blood samples for ACTN3 polymorphism genotyping. CK was measured 48 h after official matches, and the number of sprints (&gt;19 km\/h) was tracked using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The main cohort included 23 professional soccer players from the top tier of the Brazilian Championship. We analyzed 115 GPS + CK data sets. The replication cohort comprised 18 professional soccer players from the First Division of the Championship, had the same methodology applied, and featured a total of 90 GPS (sprints &gt; 25.2 km\/h) + CK data sets. For the main cohort, a significant positive correlation was seen between the number of sprints and the CK levels (p = 0.009). Athletes with the ACTN3 RR genotype had higher CK levels as more sprints were performed during the match (p = 0.017). However, the relationship was not found for X allele carriers (p &gt; 0.05). For the replication cohort, there was a near-significant correlation between CK levels and the number of sprints (p = 0.05), and RR individuals showed a significant association (p = 0.01), whereas X allele carriers did not (p = 0.06). A greater number of sprints during matches is linked to higher CK levels, primarily among players with the ACTN3 RR genotype, which is potentially due to an increased presence of type II muscle fibers. These findings were replicated for both cohorts of elite Brazilian soccer players, emphasizing the importance of genetic factors in injury prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15070896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T14:40:50Z","timestamp":1720449650000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism on Blood Creatine Kinase Levels Relative to Number of Sprints in Brazilian Professional Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kathleen Y.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8085, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2248-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Zempo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo 124-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8085, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Cetolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2693-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"dos Santos Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6631-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Rita","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Aderbal S.","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8085, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1375695","article-title":"The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League","volume":"35","author":"Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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