{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:47:50Z","timestamp":1784551670647,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["5M-2022-23685321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5M-2022-23685321"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common genetic skeletal dysplasia, characterized by the growth of bone outgrowths capped by cartilage, called osteochondromas. Most MO cases are caused by mutations in the exostosin-1 (EXT1) and exostosin-2 (EXT2) genes. Only 5% of MO-causative variants are represented by single or multiple exon deletions; to date, no pathogenic large duplication has been described in the literature. In the present study, we describe the novel in-tandem intragenic duplication c.(1128_1202)_(1284+29_1344)dup involving exon 4 of EXT1 (NM_000127.2), detected in a three-generation family with MO. The variant has been detected by MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and then confirmed with qPCR (quantitative PCR). Our finding expands the spectrum of MO-causing variants describing a pathogenic large duplication, underlying the importance of quantitative analysis in patients with negative sequencing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15091169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T08:36:08Z","timestamp":1725525368000},"page":"1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Pathogenic Large Duplication in EXT1 Identified in a Family with Multiple Osteochondromas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5168-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Bartolotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Sobul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0880-7306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5163-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Scognamiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Sangiorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9980-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Pedrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40131 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2017.1394295","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference","volume":"59","author":"Phan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Connect. 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