{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:48:26Z","timestamp":1790027306816,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31701399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31701399"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32260501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260501"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024AFA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFA088"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding","award":["31701399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31701399"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding","award":["32260501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260501"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding","award":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding","award":["2024AFA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFA088"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Outstanding Youth Project","award":["31701399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31701399"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Outstanding Youth Project","award":["32260501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260501"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Outstanding Youth Project","award":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z01-KF01"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Outstanding Youth Project","award":["2024AFA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFA088"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are expressed in a tissue- and temporal-specific manner during development. They have been found to be highly conserved during the evolution of different species. miRNAs regulate the expression of several genes in various organisms, with some regulating the expression of multiple genes with similar or completely unrelated functions. Frequent disease and insect pest infestations severely limit agricultural development. Thus, cultivating resistant crops via miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, insects, and pathogens is an important aspect of modern breeding practices. To strengthen the application of miRNAs in sustainable agriculture, plant endogenous or exogenous miRNAs have been used for plant breeding. Consequently, the development of biological pesticides based on miRNAs has become an important avenue for future pest control methods. However, selecting the appropriate miRNA according to the desired target traits in the target organism is key to successfully using this technology for pest control. This review summarizes the progress in research on miRNAs in plants and other species involved in regulating plant disease and pest resistance pathways. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of relevant target genes to provide new ideas for future research on pest and disease resistance and breeding in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15091200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T06:31:40Z","timestamp":1726122700000},"page":"1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Research Progress on miRNAs and Artificial miRNAs in Insect and Disease Resistance and Breeding in Plants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zengfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8593-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4857-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia de Sousa, M., Gjorgjieva, M., Dolicka, D., Sobolewski, C., and Foti, M. 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