{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:31:11Z","timestamp":1789576271454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foudation of China","award":["32102839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102839"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foudation of China","award":["2022J140167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J140167"]}]},{"name":"Natual Science Foudation of man Province","award":["32102839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102839"]}]},{"name":"Natual Science Foudation of man Province","award":["2022J140167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J140167"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR), as an important pattern recognition receptor, is a bridge between non-specific immunity and specific immunity, and plays a vital role in the disease resistance of aquatic animals. However, the function of TLR in Pelodiscus sinensis is still unclear. Methods and Results: The sequence characteristics and homology of three TLRs (PsTLR2, PsTLR3 and PsTLR5) were determined in this investigation. Their annotation and orthologies were supported by phylogenetic analysis, functional domain prediction, and sequence similarity analysis. qPCR showed that the identified TLRs were expressed in all tissues, among the high expression of PsTLR5 in the brain and liver and the high expression of PsTLR2 and PsTLR3 in the liver. PsTLR2 mRNA expression increased 6.7-fold in the liver 12 h after Aeromonas hydrophila infection, while the mRNA expression of PsTLR3 was down-regulated by 0.29 times in liver and 0.31 times in spleen. The mRNA expression of PsTLR5 was significantly up-regulated in four immune tissues, and it was up-regulated by 122.8 times in the spleen after 72 h infection. Finally, the recombinant proteins of extracellular LRR domains of these three TLRs were obtained by prokaryotic expression technology, and the binding tests were performed to discover their ability of binding pathogenic microorganisms. Microbial binding test showed that rPsTLR2, rPsTLR3 and rPsTLR5 can combine A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans, while rPsTLR3 can bind A. hydrophila, E. tarda, V. parahaemolyticus and C. albicans. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that TLRs may be crucial to turtles\u2019 innate immune response against microbes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15091230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1727062598000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toll-like Receptor Expression in Pelodiscus sinensis Reveals Differential Responses after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aquaculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aquaculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingrui","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2019ao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aquaculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aquaculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8382-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazhou","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aquaculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","article-title":"Innate Immune Recognition","volume":"20","author":"Janeway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. 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