{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1792034523555,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32072960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072960"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32202930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202930"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFD1201600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1201600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SWU-XDJH202311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SWU-XDJH202311"]}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["32072960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072960"]}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["32202930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202930"]}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["2022YFD1201600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1201600"]}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["SWU-XDJH202311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SWU-XDJH202311"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1201600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1201600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SWU-XDJH202311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SWU-XDJH202311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>17\u03b1-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a widely used androgen for all-male fish production in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MT-induced masculinization remains unclear. In this study, we aim to identify the key gene responsible for MT-induced masculinization using the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) amhy, dmrt1, and gsdf mutants, which exhibit male-to-female sex reversal. Nile tilapia fry from these three mutant lines were treated with 50 \u03bcg\/g MT from 5 to 30 days after hatching (dah). The results showed that amhy and gsdf mutants, but not dmrt1 mutants, were masculinized by the MT treatment. Gonadal transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in steroidogenesis and germ cell development in MT-treated dmrt1 mutants exhibited a similar expression pattern to that of the wild type (WT) XX. In addition, the dmrt1 mutants cannot be masculinized by co-treatment with MT and the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. The MT treatment completely blocked early steroidogenic enzyme (Star2, Cyp17a2, and Cyp19a1a) expression independent of amhy, gsdf, and dmrt1. A luciferase analysis showed that MT directly suppressed basal and Sf-1-activated cyp19a1a promoter activity through ara and arb in cultured HEK293 cells. Furthermore, MT treatment inhibited germ cell proliferation in amhy and gsdf mutants but not in dmrt1 mutants. Consistently, dmrt1 expression was induced in MT-treated WT XX, -amhy, and -gsdf mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that dmrt1 is indispensable for MT-induced masculinization in Nile tilapia and that MT functions by inhibiting early steroid synthesis and activating dmrt1 to promote testis development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15091238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1727082907000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["dmrt1 Is Responsible for Androgen-Induced Masculinization in Nile Tilapia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4397-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengfei","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4967-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deshou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Aquatic Economic Animal Resources Conservation and Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.60","article-title":"Vertebrate sex determination: Evolutionary plasticity of a fundamental switch","volume":"18","author":"Capel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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