{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:12:43Z","timestamp":1777389163461,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU\u2014from the project Heal Italia","award":["PE00000019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000019"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU\u2014from the project Heal Italia","award":["CUP I33C22006900006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP I33C22006900006"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["PE00000019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000019"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["CUP I33C22006900006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP I33C22006900006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a natural and unexpected death of cardiac origin that occurs within 1 h from the onset of acute symptoms. The major leading causes of SCD are cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. In this review, we focus on channelopathies, inherited diseases caused by mutations affecting genes encoding membrane ion channels (sodium, potassium or calcium channels) or cellular structures that affect Ca2+ availability. The diagnosis of diseases such as long QT, Brugada syndrome, short QT and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is still challenging. Currently, genetic testing and next-generation sequencing allow us to identify many rare alterations. However, some non-coding variants, e.g., splice-site variants, are usually difficult to interpret and to classify. Methods: In our review, we searched for splice-site variants of genes involved in channelopathies, focusing on variants of unknown significance (VUSs) registered on ClinVar up to now. Results: The research led to a high number of splice-site VUSs of genes involved in channelopathies, suggesting the performance of deeper studies. Conclusions: In order to interpret the correlation between variants and pathologies, we discuss experimental studies, such as RNA sequencing and functional analysis of proteins. Unfortunately, as these in vitro analyses cannot always be performed, we draw attention to in silico studies as future perspectives in genetics. This review has the aim of discussing the potential methods of detection and interpretation of VUSs, bringing out the need for a future reclassification of variants with currently unknown significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T11:19:33Z","timestamp":1727435973000},"page":"1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sudden Cardiac Death and Channelopathies: What Lies behind the Clinical Significance of Rare Splice-Site Alterations in the Genes Involved?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5721-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Pesaresi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Bernini Di Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Melchionda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Onofri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine Unit, AOU Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9066-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Alessandrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9211-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Turchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2010.02.003","article-title":"Sudden Cardiac Death with Normal Heart","volume":"19","author":"Basso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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