{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:46:59Z","timestamp":1790394419168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation","award":["CPF2017-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPF2017-17"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation","award":["2022CPB-B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CPB-B10"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation","award":["2020CPB-B14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CPB-B14"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation","award":["2022NSFSC0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0010"]}]},{"name":"Program of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding","award":["CPF2017-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPF2017-17"]}]},{"name":"Program of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding","award":["2022CPB-B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CPB-B10"]}]},{"name":"Program of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding","award":["2020CPB-B14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CPB-B14"]}]},{"name":"Program of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding","award":["2022NSFSC0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0010"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["CPF2017-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPF2017-17"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022CPB-B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CPB-B10"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2020CPB-B14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CPB-B14"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant pandas are an endangered species with low reproductive rates. Cryptorchidism, which can negatively affect reproduction, is also often found in pandas. Seminal plasma plays a crucial role in sperm\u2013environment interactions, and its properties are closely linked to conception potential in both natural and assisted reproduction. The research sought to identify seminal fluid protein content variations between normal and cryptorchid giant pandas. Methods: Using a label-free MS-based method, the semen proteomes of one panda with cryptorchidism and three normal pandas were studied, and the identified proteins were compared and functionally analyzed. Results: Mass spectrometry identified 2059 seminal plasma proteins, with 361 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEPs are mainly involved in the phosphate-containing compound metabolic, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity areas (p \u2264 0.05). The KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that the top 20 pathways were notably concentrated in the adipocyte lipolysis and insulin metabolism pathway, with a significance level of p \u2264 0.05. Further analysis through a protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network identified nine key proteins that may play crucial roles, including D2GXH8 (hexokinase Fragment), D2HSQ6 (protein tyrosine phosphatase), and G1LHZ6 (Calmodulin 2). Conclusions: We suspect that the high abundance of D2HSQ6 in cryptorchid individuals is associated with metabolic pathways, especially the insulin signal pathway, as a typical proteomic feature related to its pathological features. These findings offer insight into the ex situ breeding conditions of this threatened species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:45:27Z","timestamp":1727675127000},"page":"1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Cryptorchidism on the Semen Quality of Giant Pandas from the Perspective of Seminal Plasma Proteomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengshi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianbiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayala","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailai","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.014","article-title":"Semen Quality in a Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Relation to Estrus of a Nearby Resident Female 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