{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:25:54Z","timestamp":1788881154501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH-NIDCD","award":["T32 DC012280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DC012280"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NIDCD","award":["R25 HG012994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 HG012994"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NHGRI","award":["T32 DC012280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DC012280"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NHGRI","award":["R25 HG012994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 HG012994"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is a heterogeneous phenotype that is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has many potential comorbidities that could severely affect quality of life. There is a need to identify biomarkers for oSDB and its comorbidities to improve clinical management, particularly in children. Methods: We performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis, and qPCR replication of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA samples extracted from tonsils of children with oSDB. Two variables were used as classifier, namely, detection of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) in tonsils and need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Standard statistical tests were used to determine associations across clinical, EBV, and DEG variables. Results: Nineteen genes were dysregulated in tonsils that are EBV+ or from children needing CPAP. Of these genes, APOBR was downregulated in both EBV+ and CPAP+ tonsils, and this downregulation was replicated by qPCR in an independent set of pediatric samples. In the tonsils of adult patients with oSDB, APOBR was positively correlated with age, and potentially with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Taken together, APOBR and DEGs in tonsillar tissues may be useful as potential biomarkers of oSDB severity and comorbidity across the lifespan, with APOBR levels being dependent on latent EBV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1728892025000},"page":"1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["APOBR Is Downregulated in EBV+ Tonsils of Children with Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Regie Lyn P.","family":"Santos-Cortez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen Z.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Elling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landen","family":"Mayher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1317-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obinna R.","family":"Diala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiera","family":"Willford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathways in Genomic Research for Undergraduate Experiences (PATH-GREU) Program, University of Colorado Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie C.","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Research Experiences (CORE) Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Agyepong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Research Experiences (CORE) Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen A.","family":"Darr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Wine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian R.","family":"Francom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Translational Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Gitomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman R.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2023.03.012","article-title":"Disparities in sleep-disordered breathing: Upstream risk factors, mechanisms, and implications","volume":"44","author":"Williamson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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