{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:10:38Z","timestamp":1787836238719,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Fund of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry","award":["2024kj02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024kj02"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry","award":["110202201013(JY-13)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202201013(JY-13)"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry","award":["202101015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101015"]}]},{"name":"China National Tobacco Corporation Program","award":["2024kj02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024kj02"]}]},{"name":"China National Tobacco Corporation Program","award":["110202201013(JY-13)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202201013(JY-13)"]}]},{"name":"China National Tobacco Corporation Program","award":["202101015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101015"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation","award":["2024kj02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024kj02"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation","award":["110202201013(JY-13)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202201013(JY-13)"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation","award":["202101015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The fragrance and aroma of Rosaceae plants are complex traits influenced by a multitude of factors, with genetic variation standing out as a key determinant which is largely impacted by polyploidy. Polyploidy serves as a crucial evolutionary mechanism in plants, significantly boosting genetic diversity and fostering speciation. Objective: This review focuses on the Rosaceae family, emphasizing how polyploidy influences the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are essential for the aromatic characteristics of economically important fruits like strawberries, apples, and cherries. The review delves into the biochemical pathways responsible for VOC biosynthesis, particularly highlighting the roles of terpenoids, esters alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alongside the genetic mechanisms that regulate these pathways. Key enzymes, such as terpene synthases and alcohol acyltransferases, are central to this process. This review further explores how polyploidy and hybridization can lead to the development of novel metabolic pathways, contributing to greater phenotypic diversity and complexity in fruit aromas. It underscores the importance of gene dosage effects, isoenzyme diversity, and regulatory elements in determining VOC profiles. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for breeding strategies aimed at improving fruit quality and aligning with consumer preferences. Present review not only elucidates the complex interplay between genomic evolution and fruit aroma but also offers a framework for future investigations in plant biology and agricultural innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T05:03:49Z","timestamp":1729227829000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genetic Variation, Polyploidy, Hybridization Influencing the Aroma Profiles of Rosaceae Family"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong 212400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong 212400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong 212400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong 212400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong 212400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0800079","article-title":"Polyploidy and angiosperm diversification","volume":"96","author":"Soltis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2012.03.011","article-title":"Ancient whole genome duplications, novelty and diversification: The WGD Radiation Lag-Time Model","volume":"15","author":"Schranz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09916","article-title":"Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms","volume":"473","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811575106","article-title":"The frequency of polyploid speciation in vascular plants","volume":"106","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2018.01.002","article-title":"Widespread whole genome duplications contribute to genome complexity and species diversity in angiosperms","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300127110","article-title":"Convergent gene loss following gene and genome duplications creates single-copy families in flowering plants","volume":"110","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2019.11.003","article-title":"Plant polyploidy: Origin, evolution, and its influence on crop domestication","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaa015","article-title":"Polyploidy: An evolutionary and ecological force in stressful times","volume":"33","author":"Ashman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1928","article-title":"Selection for phenotypic divergence between diploid and autotetraploid Heuchera grossulariifolia","volume":"59","author":"Nuismer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soundararajan, P., Won, S.Y., and Kim, J.S. (2019). Insight on Rosaceae Family with Genome Sequencing and Functional Genomics Perspective. BioMed Res. Int., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7519687"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folta, K.M., and Gardiner, S.E. (2009). Rosaceae: Taxonomy, Economic Importance, Genomics. Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77491-6"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1086\/499251","article-title":"Polyploidy and Diversification: A Phylogenetic Investigation in Rosaceae","volume":"167","author":"Vamosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.654","article-title":"The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus \u00d7 domestica Borkh.)","volume":"42","author":"Velasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0356-4","article-title":"Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome","volume":"51","author":"Edger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Alice, V. (2018). Aromas and Flavours of Fruits. Generation of Aromas and Flavours, IntechOpen. Chapter 2."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00445.x","article-title":"Quantification of selected aroma-active compounds in strawberries by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography and correlation with sensory descriptive analysis","volume":"72","author":"Jetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheng, L., Ni, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Y., and Gao, H. (2021). Characteristic-aroma-component-based evaluation and classification of strawberry varieties by aroma type. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206219"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-020-03605-w","article-title":"Impact of maturity stage at harvest on the main physicochemical characteristics, the levels of vitamin C, polyphenols and volatiles and the sensory quality of Gariguette strawberry","volume":"247","author":"Aubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.007138","article-title":"Elucidation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and plastids. A metabolic milestone achieved through genomics","volume":"130","author":"Boronat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers120","article-title":"The fruit ripening-related gene FaAAT2 encodes an acyl transferase involved in strawberry aroma biogenesis","volume":"63","author":"Moyano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03446.x","article-title":"Biosynthesis of plant-derived flavor compounds","volume":"54","author":"Schwab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.023895","article-title":"Gain and loss of fruit flavor compounds produced by wild and cultivated strawberry species","volume":"16","author":"Aharoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.042580","article-title":"Functional characterization of enzymes forming volatile esters from strawberry and banana","volume":"135","author":"Beekwilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9123","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901693j","article-title":"Aroma development during ripening of Fragaria chiloensis fruit and participation of an alcohol acyltransferase (FcAAT1) gene","volume":"57","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-020-03462-7","article-title":"Co-expression network analysis uncovers key candidate genes related to the regulation of volatile esters accumulation in woodland strawberry","volume":"252","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lara, M.V., Bonghi, C., Famiani, F., Vizzotto, G., Walker, R.P., and Drincovich, M.F. (2020). Stone Fruit as Biofactories of Phytochemicals with Potential Roles in Human Nutrition and Health. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.562252"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conart, C., Saclier, N., Foucher, F., Goubert, C., Rius-Bony, A., Paramita, S.N., Moja, S., Thouroude, T., Douady, C., and Sun, P. (2022). Duplication and Specialization of NUDX1 in Rosaceae Led to Geraniol Production in Rose Petals. Mol. Biol. Evol., 39.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac002"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saez, D., Rodr\u00edguez-Arriaza, F., Urra, G., Fabi, J.P., Hormaz\u00e1bal-Abarza, F., M\u00e9ndez-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, A., Castro, E., Bustos, D., Ramos, P., and Morales-Quintana, L. (2024). Unraveling the key step in the aroma puzzle: Insights into alcohol acyltransferases in strawberries. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 212.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.108668"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144128","article-title":"Evolution of flavors and scents","volume":"56","author":"Gang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011460u","article-title":"Catalytic Properties of Alcohol Acyltransferase in Different Strawberry Species and Cultivars","volume":"50","author":"Sanz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-022-09849-6","article-title":"Biosynthesis, natural distribution, and biological activities of acyclic monoterpenes and their derivatives","volume":"22","author":"Bergman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15003","DOI":"10.1038\/hortres.2015.3","article-title":"A dual positional specific lipoxygenase functions in the generation of flavor compounds during climacteric ripening of apple","volume":"2","author":"Schiller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2011.10.021","article-title":"Interspecific hybridization of diploids and octoploids in strawberry","volume":"134","author":"Rho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0112.2020.00004.3","article-title":"Role of membrane lipid hydrolysis genes in the aroma formalion of Chinese white pear \u2018Xiang Mian Li\u2019","volume":"77","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Hortic."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/10\/1339\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:15:48Z","timestamp":1760112948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/15\/10\/1339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["genes15101339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes15101339","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]}}}