{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:16:01Z","timestamp":1789611361556,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a congenital genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 to 2500 live births, and is characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, chest deformities, and congenital heart disease. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of specific genetic mutations and their impact on cardiovascular and other outcomes in NS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed with NS at two institutions: The Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia and the Clinic for Children Diseases, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska. Patients underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic mutations. Clinical data, including cardiovascular manifestations, psychomotor development, and stature, were analyzed in relation to mutation types. Results: The cohort comprised 60% male and 40% female patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 7.2 years. Cardiovascular abnormalities were present in 88% of patients. Mutations in PTPN11 were most commonly associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS), while RAF1 mutations were prevalent in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). No significant association was found between cardiac disease and delayed psychomotor development (p = 0.755), even though the likelihood ratio showed significance in that regard (p = 0.018). Short stature was observed in 48% of patients but was not significantly correlated with genetic type of disease, presence of cardiac disease, or developmental delay. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations in NS and highlights genotype\u2013phenotype correlations. While cardiac abnormalities are common, their impact on psychomotor development and stature is less clear. Further research is needed to explore genetic interactions influencing these outcomes and refine clinical management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15111463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T06:10:48Z","timestamp":1731478248000},"page":"1463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Noonan Syndrome: Relation of Genotype to Cardiovascular Phenotype\u2014A Multi-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Ilic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stasa","family":"Krasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Children\u2019s Disease, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9589-5502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Gasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Krstic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrije","family":"Cvetkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Miljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Zec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ales","family":"Maver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Vukomanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrijan","family":"Sarajlija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.09.002","article-title":"Noonan syndrome and clinically related disorders","volume":"25","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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