{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:54:55Z","timestamp":1773870895225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Board of the Swiss Army","award":["2022_000_00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022_000_00101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study examines genetic variations in the systemic oxygen transport cascade during exhaustive exercise in physically trained tactical athletes. Research goal: To update the information on the distribution of influence of eleven polymorphisms in ten genes, namely ACE (rs1799752), AGT (rs699), MCT1 (rs1049434), HIF1A (rs11549465), COMT (rs4680), CKM (rs8111989), TNC (rs2104772), PTK2 (rs7460 and rs7843014), ACTN3 (rs1815739), and MSTN (rs1805086)\u2014on the connected steps of oxygen transport during aerobic muscle work. Methods: 251 young, healthy tactical athletes (including 12 females) with a systematic physical training history underwent exercise tests, including standardized endurance running with a 12.6 kg vest. Key endurance performance metrics were assessed using ergospirometry, blood sampling, and near-infrared spectroscopy of knee and ankle extensor muscles. The influence of gene polymorphisms on the above performance metrics was analyzed using Bayesian analysis of variance. Results: Subjects exhibited good aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 4.3 \u00b1 0.6 L min\u22121, peak aerobic power: 3.6 W \u00b1 0.7 W kg\u22121). Energy supply-related gene polymorphisms rs1799752, rs4680, rs1049434, rs7843014, rs11549465, and rs8111989 did not follow the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate metabolic and contractile features were strongly associated with variability in oxygen transport and metabolism, such as body mass-related VO2 (rs7843014, rs2104772), cardiac output (rs7460), total muscle hemoglobin content (rs7460, rs4680), oxygen saturation in exercised muscle (rs1049434), and respiration exchange ratio (rs7843014, rs11549465) at first or secondary ventilatory thresholds or VO2max. Moderate influences were found for mass-related power output. Conclusions: The posterior distribution of effects from genetic modulators of aerobic metabolism and muscle contractility mostly confirmed prior opinions in the direction of association. The observed genetic effects of rs4680 and rs1049434 indicate a crucial role of dopamine- and lactate-modulated muscle perfusion and oxygen metabolism during running, suggesting self-selection in Swiss tactical athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15121535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T05:19:39Z","timestamp":1732771179000},"page":"1535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genotypic Influences on Actuators of Aerobic Performance in Tactical Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Fl\u00fcck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Physiogene, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Protte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Renal, Hypertensive and Metabolic Disorders, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3228-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-No\u00eblle","family":"Giraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gsponer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STADL Partners, 3110 M\u00fcnsingen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3528-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"D\u00f6ssegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Zwaard, S., Brocherie, F., and Jaspers, R.T. 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