{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:37:16Z","timestamp":1759970236392,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center in Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/09\/B\/NZ8\/03350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/09\/B\/NZ8\/03350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The patterns of inbreeding coefficients (FIS) and fine spatial genetic structure (FSGS) were evaluated regarding the mating system and inbreeding depression of food-deceptive orchids, Dactylorhiza majalis, Dactylorhiza incarnata var. incarnata, and Dactylorhiza fuchsii, from NE Poland. Methods: We used 455 individuals, representing nine populations of three taxa and AFLPs, to estimate percent polymorphic loci and Nei\u2019s gene diversity, which are calculated using the Bayesian method; FIS; FST; FSGS with the pairwise kinship coefficient (Fij); and AMOVA in populations. Results: We detected a relatively high proportion of polymorphic fragments (40.4\u201368.4%) and Nei\u2019s gene diversity indices (0.140\u20130.234). The overall FIS was relatively low to moderate (0.071\u20130.312). The average Fij for the populations of three Dactylorhiza showed significantly positive values, which were observed between plants at distances of 1\u201310 m (20 m). FST was significant in each Dactylorhiza taxon, ranging from the lowest values in D. fuchsii and D. majalis (0.080\u20130.086, p &lt; 0.05) to a higher value (0.163, p &lt; 0.05) in D. incarnata var. incarnata. Molecular variance was the highest within populations (76.5\u201386.6%; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: We observed concordant genetic diversity patterns in three food-deceptive, allogamous, pollinator-dependent, and self-compatible Dactylorhiza. FIS is often substantially higher than Fij with respect to the first class of FSGSs, suggesting that selfing (meaning of geitonogamy) is at least responsible for homozygosity. A strong FSGS may have evolutionary consequences in Dactylorhiza, and combined with low inbreeding depression, it may impact the establishment of inbred lines of D. majalis and D. incarnata var. incarnata.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16010067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T09:30:45Z","timestamp":1736328645000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concordant Patterns of Population Genetic Structure in Food-Deceptive Dactylorhiza Orchids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada","family":"Wr\u00f3blewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Ostrowiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Jermakowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Ta\u0142a\u0142aj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Effects of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species","volume":"51","author":"Hamrick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.10.110179.001133","article-title":"Relationships between life history characteristics and electrophoretically detectable genetic variation in plants","volume":"10","author":"Hamrick","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.15.110184.000433","article-title":"Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations","volume":"15","author":"Loveless","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1078\/1433-8319-00006","article-title":"Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants","volume":"3","author":"Nybom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02410.x","article-title":"Comparative Organization of chloroplast; mitochondrial and nuclear diversity in plant populations","volume":"14","author":"Petit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2004.02076.x","article-title":"New insights from fine-scale spatial genetic structure analyses in plant populations","volume":"13","author":"Vekemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2009.168","article-title":"Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in a predominantly selfing plant, role of seed and pollen dispersal","volume":"105","author":"Volis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12465","article-title":"Not All Rare Species Are the Same: Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Two Narrow-Range Endemic Sedges","volume":"114","author":"Binks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14469","article-title":"Environmental effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in four Alpine keystone forest tree species","volume":"27","author":"Mosca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02483.x","article-title":"Zusammensetzung von Population und Korrelationserscheinung vom Standpunkt der Vererbungslehre aus betrachtet","volume":"11","author":"Wahlund","year":"1928","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duminil, J., Hardy, O.J., and Petit, R.J. (2009). Plant traits correlated with generation time directly affect inbreeding depression and mating system and indirectly genetic structure. BMC Evol. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-177"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2004.00400.x","article-title":"Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences, a spasmodic journey to diversification","volume":"84","author":"Tremblay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3069","article-title":"Evidence for pollinator sharing in Mediterranean nectar-mimic orchids, absence of premating barriers?","volume":"272","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.2307\/2446499","article-title":"Fruit set; nectar reward; and rarity in the Orchidaceae","volume":"85","author":"Neiland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793105006986","article-title":"Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids","volume":"81","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924310","article-title":"Evidence for Inbreeding Depression in the Food-Deceptive Colour-Dimorphic Orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) So\u00f2","volume":"9","author":"Juillet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-007-0919-4","article-title":"Pollinator-mediated selfing in two deceptive orchids and a review of pollinium tracking studies addressing geitonogamy","volume":"155","author":"Kropf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaa080","article-title":"Lack of strong selection pressures maintains wide variation in floral traits in a food-deceptive orchid","volume":"126","author":"Jacquemyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00694.x","article-title":"Relationship between genetic structure and seed and pollen dispersal in the endangered orchid Spiranthes spiralis","volume":"157","author":"Machon","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02223.x","article-title":"Spatial aspects of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in orchids","volume":"176","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.3557","article-title":"Seed dispersal in six species of terrestrial orchids in Biebrza National Park","volume":"86","author":"Brzosko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Bot. Pol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.91.1.52","article-title":"Spatial genetic structure in populations of the terrestrial orchid Cephalanthera longibracteata (Orchidaceae)","volume":"91","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-005-0341-5","article-title":"Spatial genetic structure in populations of the terrestrial orchid Orchis cyclochila (Orchidaceae)","volume":"254","author":"Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02383.x","article-title":"Mating patterns and geneflow in the Neotropical epiphytic orchid; Laelia rubescens","volume":"14","author":"Trapnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02148.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional fine-scale genetic structure of the Neotropicalepiphytic orchid; Laelia rubescens","volume":"13","author":"Trapnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.2307\/2410692","article-title":"Ecological and genetic consequences of pollination by sexual deception in the orchid Calladenia tentaculata","volume":"50","author":"Peakall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02978.x","article-title":"Fine-scale genetic structure of life history stages in the food-deceptive orchid Orchis purpurea","volume":"15","author":"Jacquemyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2008.01464.x","article-title":"Multigenerational analysis of spatial structure in the terrestrial; food deceptive orchid Orchis mascula","volume":"97","author":"Jacquemyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12342","article-title":"A direct assessment of realized seed and pollen flow within and between two isolated populations of the food-deceptive orchid Orchis mascula","volume":"18","author":"Helsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1100094","article-title":"Significant fine-demographic and scale genetic structure in expanding and senescing populations of the terrestrial orchid Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae)","volume":"98","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16273","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16273","article-title":"Fine-scale genetic structure in the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea is not associated with local density of flowering plants","volume":"111","author":"Sletvold","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4236\/ojgen.2012.24022","article-title":"Efficiency of Microsatellite Isolation from Orchids via Next Generation Sequencing","volume":"2","author":"Pandey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2007.00698.x","article-title":"Extremely low levels of genetic diversity in the terrestrial orchid Epipactis thunbergii (Orchidaceae) in South Korea, implications for conservation","volume":"155","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2006.01194.x","article-title":"Hierarchical patterns of symbiotic orchid germination linked to adult proximity and environmental gradients","volume":"95","author":"Diez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2012.01998.x","article-title":"Spatial variation in below-ground seed germination and divergent mycorrhizal associations correlate with spatial segregation of three co-occurring orchid species","volume":"100","author":"Jacquemyn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Claessens, J., and Kleynen, J. (2011). The Flower of the European Orchid, Form and Function, Jean Claessens & Jacques Kleynen."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.890217.x","article-title":"Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)","volume":"89","author":"Mattila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03296.x","article-title":"Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display; spur length and flowering phenology in the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica","volume":"188","author":"Sletvold","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14479","article-title":"Interaction intensity and pollinator-mediated selection","volume":"214","author":"Trunschke","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-019-00285-0","article-title":"Pollinators and visitors of the generalized food-deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza majalis in North-Eastern Poland","volume":"74","author":"Ostrowiecka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcz003","article-title":"Deceptive strategy in Dactylorhiza orchids, multidirectional evolution of floral chemistry","volume":"123","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3blewska, A., Ostrowiecka, B., Brzosko, E., Jermakowicz, E., Ta\u0142a\u0142aj, I., and Mirski, P. (2024). The patterns of inbreeding depression in food-deceptive Dactylorhiza orchids. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1244393"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11233","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.11233","article-title":"What are the drivers of female success in food-deceptive orchids?","volume":"14","author":"Ostrowiecka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcp102","article-title":"Polymorphic populations of Dactylorhiza incarnata s.l. (Orchidaceae) on the Baltic island of Gotland, Morphology; habitat preference and genetic differentiation","volume":"104","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-004-0192-5","article-title":"Factors of divergence in co-occurring varieties of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)","volume":"248","author":"Vallius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02805261","article-title":"Effect of floral display on reproductive success in terrestrial orchids","volume":"41","author":"Kindlmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Geobot."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-019-01570-w","article-title":"Spontaneous caudicle reconfiguration in Dactylorhiza fuchsii, A new self-pollination mechanism for Orchideae","volume":"305","author":"Kotowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Siudek, K. (2020). The role of pollinarium reconfiguration as the mechanism of selfing in Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza incarnata. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.3496","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae) in northern Poland","volume":"85","author":"Naczk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Bot. Pol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.21.4407","article-title":"AFLP, A New Technique for DNA Fingerprinting","volume":"23","author":"Vos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.1999.00620.x","article-title":"Estimating population structure in diploids with multilocus dominant DNA markers","volume":"8","author":"Zhivotovsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0962-1083.2001.01415.x","article-title":"Data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers show indication of size homoplasy and of a relationship between degree of homoplasy and fragment size","volume":"11","author":"Vekemans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/117693430500100003","article-title":"ARLEQUIN (version 3.0), an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis","volume":"1","author":"Excoffier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evol. Bioinform. Online"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01835.x","article-title":"Estimation of pairwise relatedness between individuals and characterization of isolation-by-distance processes using dominant genetic markers","volume":"12","author":"Hardy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Manly, B. (2007). Randomization. Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology, Chapman and Hall\/CRC. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2011.51","article-title":"Increased inbreeding and strong kinship structure in Taxus baccata estimated from both AFLP and SSR data","volume":"107","author":"Chybicki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1017\/S096025851500032X","article-title":"Inbreeding depression and the cost of inbreeding on seed germination","volume":"25","author":"Baskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01747","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.01747","article-title":"High levels of genetic diversity in marginal populations of the marsh orchid Dactylorhiza majalis subsp","volume":"36","year":"2018","journal-title":"majalis. Nord. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795417050039","article-title":"Genetic structure of the populations of Dactylorhiza ochroleuca and D. incarnata (Orchidaceae) in the area of their joint growth in Russia and Belarus","volume":"53","author":"Filippov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Russ. J. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2015.98","article-title":"Genetic differentiation and admixture between sibling allopolyploids in the Dactylorhiza majalis complex","volume":"116","author":"Balao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01989","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.01989","article-title":"Genetic diversity in Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis populations (Orchidaceae) of northern Poland","volume":"37","author":"Naczk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nord. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geremew, A., Stiers, I., Sierens, T., Kefalew, A., and Triest, L. (2018). Clonal growth strategy; diversity and structure, A spatiotemporal response to sedimentation in tropical Cyperus papirus swamps. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190810"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Niiniaho, J. (2011). The Role of Geitonogamy in the Reproduction Success of a Nectarless Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae). [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4]."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[0532:COAAGT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Contributions of autogamy and geitonogamy to self-fertilization in a mass-flowering; clonal plant","volume":"81","author":"Eckert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BT23110","DOI":"10.1071\/BT23110","article-title":"Pollination by multiple species of nectar foraging Hymenoptera in Prasophyllum innubum; a critically endangered orchid of the Australian Alps","volume":"72","author":"Hayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3blewska, A., Ostrowiecka, B., Ta\u0142a\u0142aj, I., Jermakowicz, E., Brzosko, E., and Mirski, P. Emasculation of Dacylorhiza Flowers, Hand-Pollination Treatment. Unpublished work."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2307\/2410780","article-title":"Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants","volume":"50","author":"Husband","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2307\/2410885","article-title":"Correlated evolution of self fertilization and inbreeding depression, An experimental study of nine populations of Amsinckia (Boraginaceae)","volume":"50","author":"Johnston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.08.016","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the association of population size and life history with inbreeding depression in plants","volume":"144","author":"Angeloni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02489-8","article-title":"Inbreeding effects in wild populations","volume":"17","author":"Keller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/1\/67\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:25:07Z","timestamp":1759919107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/1\/67"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["genes16010067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes16010067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]}}}