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In this review, we focus on the human transcription\/DNA repair factor TFIIH, a key player of the NER pathway in eukaryotes. This 10-subunit multiprotein complex notably verifies the presence of a lesion and opens the DNA around the damage via its XPB and XPD subunits, two proteins identified in patients suffering from Xeroderma Pigmentosum syndrome. Isolated as a class II gene transcription factor in the late 1980s, TFIIH is a prototypic molecular machine that plays an essential role in both DNA repair and transcription initiation and harbors a DNA helicase, a DNA translocase, and kinase activity. More recently, TFIIH subunits have been identified as participating in other cellular processes, including chromosome segregation during mitosis, maintenance of mitochondrial DNA integrity, and telomere replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16020231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T05:34:26Z","timestamp":1739943266000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Nucleotide Excision Repair: Insights into Canonical and Emerging Functions of the Transcription\/DNA Repair Factor TFIIH"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Zachayus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Institut National De La Sante et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), UMR S 1258, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Loup-Forest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Institut National De La Sante et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), UMR S 1258, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Cura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Institut National De La Sante et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), UMR S 1258, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Poterszman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Institut National De La Sante et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), UMR S 1258, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804615","article-title":"DNA Damage, Aging, and Cancer","volume":"361","author":"Hoeijmakers","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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