{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:16:05Z","timestamp":1788412565192,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endurance performance is primarily determined by three key physiological pillars: maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic threshold, and economy of movement. Recent research has suggested physiological resilience as a potential fourth dimension, referring to an athlete\u2019s ability to sustain performance despite accumulating fatigue. While the role of genetic factors in endurance has been widely studied, their influence on these pillars, particularly on fatigue resistance and long-term adaptation, remains an area of growing interest. This narrative review explores the genomic basis of endurance performance, analyzing genetic contributions to oxygen transport, metabolic efficiency, muscle composition, and recovery. Additionally, it discusses how genetic variability may modulate an athlete\u2019s response to training, including aspects of physiological adaptation, injury susceptibility, sleep, and nutrition. The review highlights physiological resilience in the context of endurance sports, discussing its connection to neuromuscular and metabolic regulation. By integrating genetic insights with established physiological principles, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on endurance adaptation. Future research directions are outlined to enhance our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of endurance, with implications for personalized training and performance optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16030338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T12:06:59Z","timestamp":1741867619000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genomics May Be the Key to Understanding Endurance Training Pillars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Muller","family":"Bottura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy\u2014Health, Science and Performance, S\u00e3o Paulo 01549-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal-Infant Sciences (DINOGMI), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Blasioli","family":"Dentillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGLab, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14056-680, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Biomechanics of elite performers: Economy and efficiency of movement","volume":"8","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kinesiol. 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