{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:12Z","timestamp":1792789452274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDECYT\u2014Chile","award":["1171765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1171765"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT\u2014Chile","award":["21182132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21182132"]}]},{"name":"ANID Doctoral Scholarship","award":["1171765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1171765"]}]},{"name":"ANID Doctoral Scholarship","award":["21182132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21182132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an obesogenic environment, such as the one we have been experiencing in recent decades, epigenetics provides answers to the relationship between hereditary and environmentally acquired patterns that have significantly contributed to the global rise in obesity prevalence. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes a diminutive non-coding small RNA molecule, 20 to 24 nucleotides in length, that functions as a regulator of gene regulation at the post-translational level. Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) have been detected in multiple body fluids, including blood, plasma, serum, saliva, milk from breastfeeding mothers, and urine. These molecules hold significant therapeutic value and serve as extracellular biomarkers in metabolic diseases. They aid in the diagnosis and tracking of therapy responses, as well as dietary and physical habit modifications. Researchers have studied c-miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and characterizing systemic diseases in people of all ages and backgrounds since then. These conditions encompass dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. This review therefore analyzes the usefulness of c-miRNAs as therapeutic markers over the past decades. It also provides an update on c-miRNAs associated with general obesity and overweight, as well as with the most prevalent pathologies in the adult population. It also examines the effect of different nutritional approaches and physical activity regarding the activity of miRNAs in circulation in adults with overweight or general obesity. All of this is done with the aim of evaluating their potential use as biomarkers in various research contexts related to overweight and obesity in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16030349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T08:57:02Z","timestamp":1742201822000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Villagr\u00e1n-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00eda","family":"Loren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Lanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5112-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00371.x","article-title":"Report on the IASO Stock Conference 2006: Early and Lifelong Environmental Epigenomic Programming of Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Type II Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Junien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. 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