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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) belongs to a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells and is characterized by the uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood. For the past several years, significant scientific attention has been attracted to the role of miRNAs in AML, since alterations in the expression levels of miRNAs may contribute to AML development. This review describes the main functions of non-coding RNA classes and presents miRNA biogenesis. This study aims to review recent reports about altered microRNA expression and their influence on AML cell survival, cell cycle, and apoptotic potential. Additionally, it summarizes the correlations between miRNAs and their target mRNAs in AML and outlines the role of particular miRNAs in AML subtypes according to ELN recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16040446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T06:45:31Z","timestamp":1744353931000},"page":"446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Role of MicroRNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6218-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Wi\u015bnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jarych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Krawiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0105-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Strza\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Potocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Czemerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Sa\u0142agacka-Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wierzbowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Copernicus Memorial Multi-Specialist Oncology and Trauma Center, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Zawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.140762","article-title":"MicroRNAs\u2014Biology and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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