{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T01:22:49Z","timestamp":1783560169780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32060145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32060300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31860308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the male genitourinary tract. However, the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in PCa remains unclear. In this study, we first performed immune scores of mRNA data from 481 PCa samples using single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). Based on the immune scores, we then evaluated the tumor immune microenvironment and analyzed 28 types of immune cells in PCa, we constructed a comprehensive network with four lncRNAs (MEG3, PCAT1, SNHG19, TRG-AS1), three miRNAs (hsa-miR-488-3p, hsa-miR-210-5p, hsa-miR-137), and twenty-seven mRNAs (including H2AFJ, THBS1, HPGD). Among the 28 immune cell types, seven immune cell types were found to be significantly associated with clinical characteristics. These network nodes have prognostic significance in multiple cancers and play critical roles in malignancy development, indicating the network\u2019s predictive capability. We also observed a strong correlation (r = 0.6) between T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells and lncRNA network modules. The network connectivity highlights the association between immune therapy biomarkers for PCa, particularly those related to H2AFJ, THBS1, and HPGD. These findings provide valuable insights into the ceRNA regulatory network and its implications for immune-based therapies in PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16050527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T03:50:43Z","timestamp":1746071443000},"page":"527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Involving Immune Subgroups, Infiltration, and lncRNAs in Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8671-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenkang","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2667","article-title":"Prostate Cancer Incidence Rates 2 Years After the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations Against Screening","volume":"2","author":"Jemal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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