{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:08:01Z","timestamp":1782936481581,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Province Undergraduate College Young Core Teacher Training Program","award":["2023GGJS178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GGJS178"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Undergraduate College Young Core Teacher Training Program","award":["160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["160"]}]},{"name":"2023 Henan Provincial Department of Education Undergraduate Research-Based Teaching Demonstration Course","award":["2023GGJS178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GGJS178"]}]},{"name":"2023 Henan Provincial Department of Education Undergraduate Research-Based Teaching Demonstration Course","award":["160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["160"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Ferulic acid is a natural and safe herbal feed additive. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ferulic acid on the growth performance, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, immune function, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 320 broiler chickens, aged 14 days, were randomly divided into four groups: a blank control group (MA group), a low-concentration ferulic acid group (BM group, 10 mg\/kg), a medium-concentration ferulic acid group (CM group, 30 mg\/kg), and a high-concentration ferulic acid group (DM group, 90 mg\/kg) after a 14-day acclimatization period. The experiment lasted for 28 days, and the chickens were dissected on day 29. Results: The results showed that compared to the MA group, the feed-to-meat ratio in the CM and DM groups was significantly reduced. The activity of duodenal trypsin in the CM and DM groups was significantly enhanced, and the activity of pancreatic protease in the DM group was significantly increased. The serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and triglycerides were significantly elevated in the CM and DM groups. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the BM, CM, and DM groups were significantly reduced, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased in the CM and DM groups. The serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in the BM group were significantly decreased, while interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) levels in the CM group and complement component 3 (C-3) levels in the DM group were significantly increased. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, NLRP3, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 in the jejunum of the DM group were significantly reduced. The diversity of cecal microbiota in the ferulic acid groups changed, with a certain degree of increase in the relative abundance of Spirulina and Ruminococcus. The relative abundance of Escherichia coli in the DM group significantly increased, altering the metabolic function of the cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Conclusions: The above results indicate that ferulic acid, as a novel feed additive for broiler chickens, has an impact on the growth performance, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16050572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1747128408000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effects of Ferulic Acid on the Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7959-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianguo","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanchao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing 400120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haigang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinyang Prevention and Control Center of Animal Disease, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingmin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2246-4","article-title":"A comprehensive review on natural phenolic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics","volume":"66","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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