{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:44:02Z","timestamp":1787028242505,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil","award":["2015\/03965-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/03965-2"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["2015\/03965-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/03965-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of polymorphic variants in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) genes and the occurrence of persistent apical periodontitis (PAP). Methods: DNA samples from 180 individuals were recruited and divided into two groups: Case group, 79 subjects with a history of PAP; control group, 101 healthy subjects. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping: rs243865, rs2285053, and rs2287074 in the MMP-2 gene, and rs679620 and rs522616 in the MMP-3 gene. The chi-square test or Exact Fisher (p &lt; 0.05) and Odds Ratio (CI = 95%) were used to compare the frequencies of genotypes and alleles between the two groups. Results: A positive association was found for the MMP-3 rs522616 AG genotype (p = 0.025), the AG + GG genotypes (p = 0.015), and the G allele (p = 0.016) with PAP. Conclusions: The MMP-3 variant rs522616 was associated with PAP. Similar studies are needed analyzing other genes involved in extracellular matrix dynamics under inflammatory conditions to clarify the role of the genetic factors of PAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16070758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic Analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-3 Polymorphisms Reveals the Association of MMP-3 rs522616 with Susceptibility to Persistent Apical Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-3492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulio L.","family":"Olano-Dextre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Mateo-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso K.","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5071-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo P.","family":"Garlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadne","family":"Letra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucimara Teixeira","family":"das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.09.002","article-title":"Stem Cell Marker Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis","volume":"43","author":"Estrela","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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