{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:32:55Z","timestamp":1792186375655,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["158936\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["158936\/2021-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF)","award":["158936\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["158936\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF)","award":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"]}]},{"name":"Grupo Sabin","award":["158936\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["158936\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"Grupo Sabin","award":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000183\/2023-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Monkeypox virus, the etiological agent of Mpox, is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus that has attracted increasing attention due to sporadic outbreaks in humans. In 2022, it was responsible for the largest Mpox outbreak outside the African continent, infecting over 117,000 individuals worldwide. In Brazil, since the first confirmed case in June 2022, more than 13,000 people have been diagnosed with the virus. Methods: In July 2022, we developed the first molecular test for the detection of monkeypox virus in the Midwest region of the country, allowing the diagnosis of the disease in various patients, mainly residents of the Federal District. Thus, in this work, we present the validation of a laboratory-developed qPCR test (LDT) for monkeypox virus detection, as well as a retrospective epidemiological analysis based on laboratory results. Results: The developed qPCR test demonstrated 100% accuracy, with a detection limit of 21.25 copies per reaction, and was validated for samples from swabbed pustule exudates and lesion crusts. To date, 295 tests have been conducted, with 88 (30%) returning positive. The positivity rate was 41.15% in male patients and 2.41% in female patients. A peak in positivity was observed in August 2022. From 2023 to 2024, there was a marked decline in test demand with occasional positive results. Conclusions: The rapid implementation of the test by our laboratory allowed for an immediate response to patients and provided important data for understanding the dynamics of monkeypox virus spread in Brazil, particularly in the Midwest region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16070779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Evaluation of a Molecular Test for Monkeypox Virus in the Federal District, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Pereira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 71966-700, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Belmok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia F.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gislene P.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael H.","family":"J\u00e1como","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia F.","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Tereza de Oliveira","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 71966-700, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel S.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Sabin Diagn\u00f3stico e Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70632-300, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela Vieira de","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 71966-700, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kmiec, D., and Kirchhoff, F. (2022). Monkeypox: A New Threat?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0075.v1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.11.009","article-title":"Attenuation of Monkeypox Virus by Deletion of Genomic Regions","volume":"475","author":"Lopera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105659","article-title":"Performance of the XpertTM Mpox PCR Assay with Oropharyngeal, Anorectal, and Cutaneous Lesion Swab Specimens","volume":"171","author":"Damhorst","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, C.L., Carroll, D.S., Gallardo-Romero, N., Drew, C., Zaki, S.R., Nagy, T., Hughes, C., Olson, V.A., Sanders, J., and Patel, N. (2015). Comparison of Monkeypox Virus Clade Kinetics and Pathology within the Prairie Dog Animal Model Using a Serial Sacrifice Study Design. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/965710"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"20499361221117726","article-title":"Monkeypox-A Description of the Clinical Progression of Skin Lesions: A Case Report from Colorado, USA","volume":"9","author":"Chastain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01215-4","article-title":"Monkeypox: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.07.006","article-title":"Monkeypox Virus: A Re-Emergent Threat to Humans","volume":"37","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27902","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27902","article-title":"Re-Emerging Human Monkeypox: A Major Public-Health Debacle","volume":"95","author":"Saxena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.12513","article-title":"The WHO Declaration of Monkeypox as a Global Public Health Emergency","volume":"328","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"e48","article-title":"Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing of the First Case of Monkeypox Virus in Brazil, 2022","volume":"64","author":"Claro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio Da Sa\u00fade (2025, May 06). 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"e54","article-title":"First Case Report of Monkeypox in Brazil: Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis with Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":"64","author":"Barra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105373","article-title":"Evaluation and Clinical Validation of Monkeypox (Mpox) Virus Real-Time PCR Assays","volume":"159","author":"Mills","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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