{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:50:15Z","timestamp":1791895815086,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (FUNCAP)\u2014Research Productivity Scholarship Program, Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa, Est\u00edmulo \u00e0 Interioriza\u00e7\u00e3o e a Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["BPI04\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPI04\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heat stress challenges small ruminants in semi-arid regions, requiring integrative multi-modeling approaches to identify adaptive thermotolerance traits. This study aimed to identify phenotypic biomarkers and explore the relationships between thermoregulatory responses and hematological, behavioral, morphometric, carcass, and meat traits in lambs. Methods: Twenty 4-month-old non-castrated male lambs, with an average body weight of 19.0 \u00b1 5.11 kg, were evaluated under natural heat stress. Results: Thermoregulatory variables were significantly associated with non-carcass components (p = 0.002), carcass performance (p = 0.027), commercial meat cuts (p = 0.032), and morphometric measures (p = 0.029), with a trend for behavioral responses (p = 0.078). The main phenotypic traits related to thermoregulation included idleness duration, cold carcass weight, blood, liver, spleen, shank, chest circumference, and body length. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the significant indicators to seven latent domains: carcass traits, commercial meat cuts, non-carcass components, idleness and feeding behavior, and morphometric and thermoregulatory responses. Bayesian network modeling revealed interdependencies, showing carcass traits influenced by morphometric and thermoregulatory responses and non-carcass traits linked to ingestive behavior. Thermoregulatory variables were not associated with meat quality or hematological traits. Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex biological relationships underlying heat adaptation and emphasize the potential of combining phenomic data with computational tools to support genomic selection for climate-resilient and welfare-oriented breeding programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16070812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T14:22:36Z","timestamp":1752243756000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intelligent Multi-Modeling Reveals Biological Mechanisms and Adaptive Phenotypes in Hair Sheep Lambs from a Semi-Arid Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson Mateus Freitas","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"MBA in Data Science and Analytics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 11 P\u00e1dua Dias Ave, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Augusto","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBA in Data Science and Analytics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 11 P\u00e1dua Dias Ave, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBA in Data Science and Analytics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 11 P\u00e1dua Dias Ave, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-6701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Paulo","family":"F\u00e1vero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBA in Data Science and Analytics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 11 P\u00e1dua Dias Ave, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Economics, Business and Accounting, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Orlindo","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Antonio Carvalho","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8148-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Augusto","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Institute, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Maynooth University, County Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaclaudia Alves","family":"Primo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Vale do Acara\u00fa State University (UVA), Sobral 62040-370, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio Henrique Ara\u00fajo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Vale do Acara\u00fa State University (UVA), Sobral 62040-370, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6410-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neila Lidiany","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Campus II, PB-079 Highway (km 12), Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Felipe","family":"Reitenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70904-970, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabianno Cavalcante","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Vale do Acara\u00fa State University (UVA), Sobral 62040-370, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Vieira","family":"Landim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Vale do Acara\u00fa State University (UVA), Sobral 62040-370, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29890-5","article-title":"A global comparison of building decarbonization scenarios by 2050 towards 1.5\u20132 \u00b0C targets","volume":"13","author":"Camarasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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