{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:58:21Z","timestamp":1778767101778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), shed into bodily fluids by cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, or active secretion, is currently used in the field of genomic investigation in clinical settings, primarily for advanced stages of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its potential role in guiding the multi-omic approach to early-stage NSCLC is emerging as a promising area of investigation. Efforts are being made to integrate the genomics not only in surgery, but also in the definition of long-term prognosis after surgical or radiotherapy and for the prediction of recurrence. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, covering publications from 2000 to 2024. Using the advanced search tool, titles and abstracts were filtered based on the following keywords: ctDNA, early stage, NSCLC. From this search, 20 studies that fulfilled all inclusion criteria were selected for analysis in this review. Results: This review highlights the growing body of evidence supporting the potential clinical use of ctDNA as a genomic biomarker in managing early-stage NSCLC. Baseline ctDNA levels offer valuable information about tumor molecular biology and histological characteristics. Beyond its prognostic value before treatment, liquid biopsy has proven useful for tracking minimal residual disease and forecasting recurrence following curative interventions such as surgery or radiotherapy. Future adjuvant treatment decisions may increasingly rely on predictive models that incorporate liquid biopsy findings alongside other clinical factors. Conclusions: The potential use of this analyte introduces new opportunities for the integration of genomic data in treatment, as well as relapse monitoring with more accurate and innovative than traditional methods, particularly in patients with early-stage NSCLC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16080962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T10:33:42Z","timestamp":1755254022000},"page":"962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genomics in Lung Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Role of ctDNA in Non-Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Prediction of Prognosis After Multimodality Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Sassorossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Chiappetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Campanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0780-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"De Paolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Operations (UOC), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dania","family":"Nachira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Del Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of medical and health science, Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Guerrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Boldrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Urbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Operations (UOC), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Margaritora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of thoracic surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Minucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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