{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:23:47Z","timestamp":1792686227219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress are key pathogenic processes in the development and progression of DR. Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expression in DR and modulate critical biological pathways. Pro-inflammatory miRNAs such as miR-155 and miR-21 promote cytokine release and vascular inflammation, while miR-146a acts as a negative regulator of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) signaling. MiR-126 and miR-21 regulate endothelial integrity and angiogenesis through pathways involving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). MiR-200b and miR-126 are downregulated in DR, leading to increased neovascularization via activation of the VEGF\/ Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade. Apoptotic processes are affected by miR-195, which downregulates Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), promoting retinal cell death, while miR-29b downregulation permits upregulation of the transcription factor SP1, enhancing caspase-mediated apoptosis in M\u00fcller cells and endothelial cells. miRNAs collectively modulate an intricate regulatory network that contributes to the underlying mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy development and progression. This narrative review aims to summarize knowledge regarding the mechanisms miRNAs mediating pathogenetic mechanisms of DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16091060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1757420117000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["MicroRNA (miRNA) in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stamatios","family":"Lampsas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysa","family":"Agapitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Chatzirallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Papavasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Poulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Pegka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Theodossiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaia","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8523-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irini","family":"Chatziralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Projection of Burden through 2045: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021-0792","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy for the non-ophthalmologist","volume":"22","author":"Fung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991). Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report number 9. Ophthalmology, 98, 766\u2013785.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38011-7"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, Q., and Yang, C. (2020). Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol., 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101799"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., and Liu, Z. (2022). Mechanistic Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.816400"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2290","article-title":"Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: Are the answers in sight?","volume":"9","author":"Filipowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419357","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6419357","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Environment, and Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"2017","author":"Petrovski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kastelan, S., Oreskovic, I., Biscan, F., Kastelan, H., and Gverovic Antunica, A. (2020). Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem. Med., 30.","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2020.030502"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582060","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582060","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: Vascular and Inflammatory Disease","volume":"2015","author":"Semeraro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25575","article-title":"Angiogenesis and Inflammation Crosstalk in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"117","author":"Capitao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00647-9","article-title":"Pericytes, inflammation, and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"28","author":"Spencer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0375-y","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Sobngwi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jankauskas, S.S., Gambardella, J., Sardu, C., Lombardi, A., and Santulli, G. (2021). Functional Role of miR-155 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Noncoding RNA, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna7030039"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00612-6","article-title":"Identification and characterization of human BIC, a gene on chromosome 21 that encodes a noncoding RNA","volume":"274","author":"Tam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.009","article-title":"MicroRNA-155 promotes autoimmune inflammation by enhancing inflammatory T cell development","volume":"33","author":"Kahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61716","article-title":"MicroRNA-155 promotes atherosclerosis by repressing Bcl6 in macrophages","volume":"122","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74052-8","article-title":"Cytokines in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"114","author":"Maimone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302701","article-title":"MicroRNA-155 deficiency results in decreased macrophage inflammation and attenuated atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"34","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruen, R., Fitzsimons, S., and Belton, O. (2019). miR-155 in the Resolution of Atherosclerosis. Front. Pharmacol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00463"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-518","article-title":"MiR-155 acts as an inhibitory factor in atherosclerosis-associated arterial pathogenesis by down-regulating NoxA1 related signaling pathway in ApoE(-\/-) mouse","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-020-00738-0","article-title":"miR-155 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis in different cell models by targeting the p85alpha\/AKT pathway","volume":"76","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prado, M.S.G., de Jesus, M.L., de Goes, T.C., Mendonca, L.S.O., and Kaneto, C.M. (2020). Downregulation of circulating miR-320a and target gene prediction in patients with diabetic retinopathy. BMC Res. Notes, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05001-9"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"2010","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus retinopathy by miR-155","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587104","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2587104","article-title":"Association of MicroRNA-146a with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and their Related Complications","volume":"2023","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146067","article-title":"MicroRNA inhibition of translation initiation in vitro by targeting the cap-binding complex eIF4F","volume":"317","author":"Mathonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605298103","article-title":"NF-kappaB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses","volume":"103","author":"Taganov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence, T. (2009). The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 1.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11499","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219852110","article-title":"Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by IL-10-dependent microRNA-146b","volume":"110","author":"Curtale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101823","article-title":"miR-146a is a significant brake on autoimmunity, myeloproliferation, and cancer in mice","volume":"208","author":"Boldin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, M., Petroianu, G., and Adem, A. (2022). Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040542"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2023.103820","article-title":"microRNA-146a modulates behavioural activity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in adult mice","volume":"124","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0478","article-title":"miR-146a-Mediated extracellular matrix protein production in chronic diabetes complications","volume":"60","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Interaction of miR-146a-5p with oxidative stress and inflammation in complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in male rats: Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection strategies in type 2 diabetic retinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Rasoulinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.01.039","article-title":"Role of microRNA 21 in diabetes and associated\/related diseases","volume":"582","author":"Sekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgq240","article-title":"NF-kappaB targets miR-16 and miR-21 in gastric cancer: Involvement of prostaglandin E receptors","volume":"32","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.03.015","article-title":"miR-21 Gene expression triggered by AP-1 is sustained through a double-negative feedback mechanism","volume":"378","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheedy, F.J. (2015). Turning 21: Induction of miR-21 as a Key Switch in the Inflammatory Response. Front. Immunol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00019"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Q., Lyu, X.M., Yuan, Y., and Wang, L. (2017). Plasma miR-21 expression: An indicator for the severity of Type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy. Biosci. Rep., 37.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160589"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1159\/000366374","article-title":"Serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Qing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2015.11.007","article-title":"MicroRNA-125b-5p attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by targeting inhibiting LACTB in THP-1 macrophages","volume":"590","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kot, A., and Kaczmarek, R. (2022). Exosomal miRNA Profiling in Vitreous Humor in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010123"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2768","article-title":"High glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to the upregulation of fibrogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Che","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H. (2020). Pericyte-Endothelial Interactions in the Retinal Microvasculature. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197413"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4775","article-title":"MicroRNA-126 suppresses the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in experimental diabetic retinopathy by targeting polo-like kinase 4","volume":"47","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"530","article-title":"MicroRNA-126: A promising novel biomarker in peripheral blood for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alique, M., Bodega, G., Giannarelli, C., Carracedo, J., and Ramirez, R. (2019). MicroRNA-126 regulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha which inhibited migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis in replicative endothelial senescence. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43689-3"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6952","article-title":"MicroRNA-126 inhibits endothelial permeability and apoptosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E828","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00056.2016","article-title":"The effects of microvesicles on endothelial progenitor cells are compromised in type 2 diabetic patients via downregulation of the miR-126\/VEGFR2 pathway","volume":"310","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1246","article-title":"Pathogenic Role of microRNA-21 in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Downregulation of PPARalpha","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R., Guan, S., Gao, Z., Wang, J., Xu, J., Hao, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Guo, Z., and Yang, J. (2021). Pathological Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia in the Impaired Glucose Tolerance Stage Mediate Endothelial Dysfunction Through miR-21, PTEN\/AKT\/eNOS, and MARK\/ET-1 Pathways. Front. Endocrinol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.644159"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10355","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107052108","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 targets peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-alpha in an autoregulatory loop to modulate flow-induced endothelial inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155275","article-title":"Critical role of miR-21\/exosomal miR-21 in autophagy pathway","volume":"257","author":"Saadh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345169","article-title":"MiR-21 is overexpressed in response to high glucose and protects endothelial cells from apoptosis","volume":"121","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"2945","article-title":"miR-204-5p promotes diabetic retinopathy development via downregulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3","volume":"17","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5744","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.905336","article-title":"miRNA-1273g-3p Involvement in Development of Diabetic Retinopathy by Modulating the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.09.002","article-title":"Ocular neovascularization: Implication of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors and potential therapy","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021678","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"350","author":"Frank","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2003.08.001","article-title":"Retinal and choroidal angiogenesis: Pathophysiology and strategies for inhibition","volume":"22","author":"Das","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders","volume":"331","author":"Aiello","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0961-6","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema pathways and management: UK Consensus Working Group","volume":"34","author":"Amoaku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2903","article-title":"Quantification and localization of the IGF\/insulin system expression in retinal blood vessels and neurons during oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice","volume":"50","author":"Lofqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"e42479","article-title":"Implications of Caspase 1\/ Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1beta) Signaling and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1alpha) on Diabetic Retinopathy Pathology","volume":"15","author":"Garber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.104","article-title":"MicroRNAs regulate ocular neovascularization","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-109710","article-title":"Defective angiogenesis, endothelial migration, proliferation, and MAPK signaling in Rap1b-deficient mice","volume":"111","author":"Kraus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022644499","article-title":"Characterization of protein kinase C beta isoform\u2019s action on retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, and retinal neovascularization","volume":"99","author":"Suzuma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0632","article-title":"Expression and activation of STAT3 in ischemia-induced retinopathy","volume":"46","author":"Mechoulam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.158790","article-title":"miR-200b targets Ets-1 and is down-regulated by hypoxia to induce angiogenic response of endothelial cells","volume":"286","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2017.08.002","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases, Vascular Remodeling, and Vascular Disease","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E127","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00432.2009","article-title":"Transcriptional coactivator p300 regulates glucose-induced gene expression in endothelial cells","volume":"298","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.07.008","article-title":"miR-126 regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity","volume":"15","author":"Fish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Cell."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.198","article-title":"miR-126 and miR-126 *: New players in cancer","volume":"10","author":"Meister","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130203","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the onset and development of cardiovascular disease","volume":"126","author":"Vickers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.07.002","article-title":"The endothelial-specific microRNA miR-126 governs vascular integrity and angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Cell."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2011.12.001","article-title":"MicroRNA regulation of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Hans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2009.01.010","article-title":"MiR-126 restoration down-regulate VEGF and inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.7329","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced deregulation of miR-126 and its regulative effect on VEGF and MMP-9 expression","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.04.016","article-title":"MicroRNA-126 inhibits ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization via regulating angiogenic growth factors","volume":"91","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6065","article-title":"microRNA-200b as a Switch for Inducible Adult Angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2010.117","article-title":"The ZEB\/miR-200 feedback loop--a motor of cellular plasticity in development and cancer?","volume":"11","author":"Brabletz","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-011-1042-2","article-title":"Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling by miR-200b","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1557","article-title":"MicroRNA-200b regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated alterations in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"60","author":"McArthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, E.H., Huang, Q.Z., Li, G.C., Xiang, Z.Y., and Zhang, X. (2017). Effects of miRNA-200b on the development of diabetic retinopathy by targeting VEGFA gene. Biosci. Rep., 37.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160572"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0228-7","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides against microRNA-21 reduced the proliferation and migration of human colon carcinoma cells","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.02.017","article-title":"Seed-targeting anti-miR-21 inhibiting malignant progression of retinoblastoma and analysis of their phosphorylation signaling pathways","volume":"122","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107886","article-title":"Repression of microRNA-21 inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis via PTEN dependent-PI3K\/Akt\/VEGF signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"190","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2011.11.007","article-title":"PTEN regulates retinal interneuron morphogenesis and synaptic layer formation","volume":"49","author":"Sakagami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02207-3","article-title":"Insulin signaling pathways in time and space","volume":"12","author":"Saltiel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213776","article-title":"Acute intensive insulin therapy exacerbates diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown via hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and VEGF","volume":"109","author":"Poulaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31964","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303314200","article-title":"Characterization of multiple signaling pathways of insulin in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vascular cells and angiogenesis","volume":"278","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1459179","article-title":"Inhibition of miR-21-5p suppresses high glucose-induced proliferation and angiogenesis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by the regulation of AKT and ERK pathways via maspin","volume":"82","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141229","article-title":"Regulation of the germinal center response by microRNA-155","volume":"316","author":"Thai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139253","article-title":"Requirement of bic\/microRNA-155 for normal immune function","volume":"316","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Down-regulation of microRNA-155 attenuates retinal neovascularization via the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"21","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.200900028","article-title":"Onco-miR-155 targets SHIP1 to promote TNFalpha-dependent growth of B cell lymphomas","volume":"1","author":"Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7113","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902636106","article-title":"Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a primary target of miR-155","volume":"106","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9053-x","article-title":"Expression of angiogenic and fibrogenic factors in proliferative vitreoretinal disorders","volume":"27","author":"Missotten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70324-8","article-title":"The cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetic complications","volume":"25","author":"King","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1089","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00540.2002","article-title":"Differential activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 in increased fibronectin synthesis in target organs of diabetic complications","volume":"284","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702221087175","article-title":"Implications of fibrotic extracellular matrix in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"247","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"258","article-title":"Fibronectin overexpression in retinal microvessels of patients with diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Roy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700178","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in glucose-induced and endothelin-mediated fibronectin synthesis","volume":"84","author":"Xin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7321","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15167","article-title":"Mechanisms of endothelial to mesenchymal transition in the retina in diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4181","article-title":"Differential TGF-beta signaling in retinal vascular cells: A role in diabetic retinopathy?","volume":"51","author":"Klaassen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.01.010","article-title":"MicroRNA-146a regulates the maturation process and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by targeting CD40L in oxLDL-stimulated dendritic cells","volume":"585","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002311","article-title":"Mechanistic role of microRNA-146a in endotoxin-induced differential cross-regulation of TLR signaling","volume":"186","author":"Nahid","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5689","article-title":"Rapid changes in microRNA-146a expression negatively regulate the IL-1beta-induced inflammatory response in human lung alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"180","author":"Perry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02383.x","article-title":"MicroRNA-146a and human disease","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usui-Ouchi, A., Ouchi, Y., Kiyokawa, M., Sakuma, T., Ito, R., and Ebihara, N. (2016). Upregulation of Mir-21 Levels in the Vitreous Humor Is Associated with Development of Proliferative Vitreoretinal Disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158043"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","article-title":"Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death","volume":"35","author":"Elmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00741.x","article-title":"The role of glia in retinal vascular disease","volume":"95","author":"Coorey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9316","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7879","article-title":"Early inner retinal astrocyte dysfunction during diabetes and development of hypoxia, retinal stress, and neuronal functional loss","volume":"52","author":"Ly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000328979","article-title":"Muller glial cells in retinal disease","volume":"227","author":"Bringmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12412","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: Loss of neuroretinal adaptation to the diabetic metabolic environment","volume":"1311","author":"Abcouwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1971-x","article-title":"Muller glial dysfunction during diabetic retinopathy in rats is linked to accumulation of advanced glycation end-products and advanced lipoxidation end-products","volume":"54","author":"Curtis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz, M.N., Grimbert, L., Moulin, M., Gressette, M., Rucker-Martin, C., Lemaire, C., Mericskay, M., Veksler, V., Ventura-Clapier, R., and Garnier, A. (2019). Inducible Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Sirt1 in Male Mice Reveals Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction and Sensitization of the Heart to Pressure Overload. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205005"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0996","article-title":"Sirt1: A Guardian of the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"67","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20396","article-title":"Biogenesis of MiRNA-195 and its role in biogenesis, the cell cycle, and apoptosis","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3197-9","article-title":"miR-195 regulates SIRT1-mediated changes in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"57","author":"Mortuza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22919","article-title":"MicroRNA-195 suppresses tumorigenicity and regulates G1\/S transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6201","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1963908","article-title":"miR-195-5p regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of thyroid cancer by targeting telomerase reverse transcriptase","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11465","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S226921","article-title":"MiR-195-5p Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting CEP55","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr145","article-title":"MicroRNA-195 promotes palmitate-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by down-regulating Sirt1","volume":"92","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0231","article-title":"Expression and mechanism of microRNA 195 in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"69","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Q., Hu, Z., Jiang, Y., Tan, X., Botchway, B.O.A., Amin, N., Lin, G., Geng, Y., and Fang, M. (2019). SIRT1 Protects Against Apoptosis by Promoting Autophagy in the Oxygen Glucose Deprivation\/Reperfusion-Induced Injury. Front. Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01289"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.09.033","article-title":"Dual roles of SIRT1 in the BAX switch through the P53 module: A mathematical modeling study","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortuza, R., Chen, S., Feng, B., Sen, S., and Chakrabarti, S. (2013). High glucose induced alteration of SIRTs in endothelial cells causes rapid aging in a p300 and FOXO regulated pathway. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054514"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29896","article-title":"The role of miR-29 family in disease","volume":"122","author":"Horita","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1975411","article-title":"miR-29b is activated during neuronal maturation and targets BH3-only genes to restrict apoptosis","volume":"25","author":"Kole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10201","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.535195","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b regulates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing cerebellum through SP1\/RAX\/PKR cascade","volume":"289","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9972-5","article-title":"Resveratrol Inhibits Diabetic-Induced Muller Cells Apoptosis through MicroRNA-29b\/Specificity Protein 1 Pathway","volume":"54","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chen, M., Chen, J., Lin, S., Cai, D., Chen, C., and Chen, Z. (2017). Long non-coding RNA MIAT acts as a biomarker in diabetic retinopathy by absorbing miR-29b and regulating cell apoptosis. Biosci. Rep., 37.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20170036"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.07.010","article-title":"miR-29b suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through PTEN-AKT signaling pathway by targeting Sp1","volume":"50","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6411","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-170589","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b induces global DNA hypomethylation and tumor suppressor gene reexpression in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting directly DNMT3A and 3B and indirectly DNMT1","volume":"113","author":"Garzon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6019","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16558","article-title":"Suppression of Type I Collagen Expression by miR-29b Via PI3K, Akt, and Sp1 Pathway, Part II: An In Vivo Investigation","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21223","article-title":"Intraocular Delivery of miR-146 Inhibits Diabetes-Induced Retinal Functional Defects in Diabetic Rat Model","volume":"58","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-267799","article-title":"Inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced angiogenesis and breast cancer tumor growth by systemic injection of microRNA-467 antagonist","volume":"29","author":"Krukovets","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/9\/1060\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:42:34Z","timestamp":1760035354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/9\/1060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["genes16091060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes16091060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]}}}