{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:24:11Z","timestamp":1787801051535,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d Ia\u015fi","award":["no 33810\/14.12.2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no 33810\/14.12.2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose incidence is steadily growing worldwide. The interactions between host genetic susceptibility, gut microbiota and environmental factors determine the onset and relapsing evolution of ulcerative colitis, making it a multifactorial disorder. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to synthesize the available literature on the genes and mechanisms related to ulcerative colitis. Results: The most important independent risk factor is genetics and the candidate genes are associated with inflammation, immune regulation and epithelial permeability. Multiple GWAS have already identified candidate genes and their polymorphisms implicated in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Genetic susceptibility is conferred by predisposing variants influencing disease onset and progression, as well as by epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, microRNAs). Conclusions: This review summarizes the interactions between the functional products encoded by genes linked to ulcerative colitis and immunological factors revealing their common mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16091085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1757937103000},"page":"1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Caba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petru","family":"Cianga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile","family":"Drug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSaint Spiridon\u201d, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2183-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. 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