{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:12:52Z","timestamp":1793157172741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Legg\u2013Calv\u00e9\u2013Perthes disease (LCPD) is a rare avascular osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis and typically occurs during the childhood growth phase. LCPD is a complex illness of unknown origin, which is considered the main difficulty in the study of this disease. Various theories on LCPD etiology have been proposed; however, no consensus has been reached about its origin. Our research objective was to evaluate the polymorphisms FVL rs6025, FVIII rs5987061, FIX Malm\u00f6 rs6048, PAI-1 rs1799889, eNOS rs17899983\/rs2070744, IL-23R rs1569922\/rs154655686\/7539625, and TNF-\u03b1 rs180062, and their relationship with LCPD. Methods: A blood sample was taken from each study participant. Complete blood count, coagulation times and factors, antithrombotic proteins, and homocysteine (Hcy) were determined using a coagulometric method. DNA was obtained and genotyped using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. Genotypic and allelic distributions were analyzed using comparative analysis, the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium, and OR. Results: This study included 46 children: 23 with LCPD (cases) and 23 without (controls). Statistically significant differences were found in Prothrombin Time, Factor V, and Factor IX activity, as well as Hcy concentration; these values suggest the presence of hypercoagulable states in patients, which can cause thrombotic events. On the other hand, significant differences were also found in the neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index, showing major inflammation states in the patient group. Moreover, statistically significant differences were found in the IL-23R rs1569922 polymorphism; it was found that carriers of the T\/T and C\/T genotypes have an increased risk of developing LCPD. Conclusions: Our results show greater hemostatic activity and inflammation in the group of patients included in this study, supporting various theories previously proposed. Therefore, we believe that LCPD is a multifactorial condition in which hemostatic, inflammatory, and genetic factors play a central and triggering role in the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16101126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:39:42Z","timestamp":1758710382000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of IL-23R rs1569922 and Other Probable Frequent Etiological Factors with Legg\u2013Calv\u00e9\u2013Perthes Disease in Mexican Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando Odiseo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Olivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra\u201d (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico"},{"name":"Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-6484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elba","family":"Reyes-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6238-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonora","family":"Casas-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra\u201d (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene Alejandra","family":"Galicia-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurociencias Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra\u201d, Mexico City 4389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0574-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Rosales-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2465-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Zavala-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra\u201d, Mexico City 4389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7511-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra\u201d (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwaha, S., Knowles, J.W., and Ashley, E.A. 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