{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:32:50Z","timestamp":1761280370363,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The Sox transcription factor family is critical for gonadal development and sex differentiation in animals, yet its roles in chelonians, particularly in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), have rarely been investigated. Methods: This study cloned and analyzed the cDNA sequences of Sox3 and Sox30 genes from P. sinensis, examining their amino acid sequences and structural properties. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of these two genes in different adult tissues and at various stages of embryonic gonadal development. Additionally, the effects of exogenous hormones (17\u03b2-estradiol, E2 and 17\u03b1-Methyltestosterone, MT) on the expression of Sox3 and Sox30 were also investigated. Results: The results indicated that Sox3 showed significantly elevated expression in female gonads, kidney, brain, liver, lung, spleen, and muscle relative to male counterparts, displaying a female-biased expression pattern. In contrast, Sox30 showed a male-biased pattern, with higher expression in male gonads, spleen, muscle, brain, and liver than in females, showing expression. Both genes were expressed at low levels. Exogenous hormone treatments revealed that MT significantly downregulated Sox3 expression in female embryos, whereas E2 significantly enhanced Sox3 expression in male embryos. Furthermore, MT treatment significantly upregulated Sox30 expression in female embryos, and E2 treatment also significantly increased Sox30 expression in male embryos. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Sox3 and Sox30 play crucial roles in the gonadal development of P. sinensis, with Sox3 potentially involved in ovarian development and Sox30 in testicular maturation. Both genes are regulated by exogenous hormones, highlighting their importance in sex differentiation and gonadal development. This study provides valuable theoretical insights for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of sex regulation in reptiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16111249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Expression Patterns of Sox3 and Sox30 Genes and Response to Exogenous Hormones in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kailin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziman","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Fisheries, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1190-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyou","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haigang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/372525a0","article-title":"Campomelic Dysplasia and Autosomal Sex Reversal Caused by Mutations in an SRY-Related Gene","volume":"372","author":"Foster","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.12.2503","article-title":"Identification of a Novel Sry-Related Gene and Its Germ Cell-Specific Expression","volume":"27","author":"Osaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.07.031","article-title":"Gonadal Development and Expression of Sex-Specific Genes during Sex Differentiation in the Japanese Eel","volume":"257","author":"Jeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. 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