{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:37:09Z","timestamp":1780605429010,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Suicide attempts have become one of the most serious problems worldwide in recent years. Suicide attempts are known to be genetically highly associated with serotonin and BDNF in international studies. Methods: In this study, we investigated the association with rs6265 (BDNF), and rs11030101 (BDNF), rs3813034 (Serotonin Transporter, SLC6A4) rs4680 (TPH1), rs1800532 (TPH1), rs1386493 (TPH2), rs6311 (HTR2A), rs6313 (HTR2A), rs6314 (HTR2A), rs6296 (HTR1B), gene polymorphism in Korean suicides with major depressive disorder who visited the emergency room. Results: A case-control study was conducted with 226 suicide and suicide attempts with major depressive disorder and 1469 general controls, and genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Significant associations between the rs11030101 (BDNF) genotype and suicide\/suicide attempters were confirmed (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23\u20130.84, p = 0.0004), and significant associations between the rs11030101 (BDNF) allele and suicide\/suicide attempters were confirmed (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50\u20130.80, p = 0.0002), in addition to the recessive genotype (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.29\u20131.03, p = 0.03) and overdominant genotype (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.88, p = 0.0046). Also, significant associations between the rs3813034 (SLC6A4) recessive genotype and suicide\/suicide attempts were confirmed in the study results (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12\u20133.68, p = 0.028). After correction for multiple testing, none of the serotonin-related polymorphisms displayed any significant case\u2013control differences. Conclusions: The BDNF gene may influence suicide attempts in Korean patients with major depression who have performed a suicide attempt. Replication in larger studies and other populations is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16111304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:22:36Z","timestamp":1762176156000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic Association Study of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Serotonin-Related Gene Variants in Suicide Attempters with Major Depressive Disorder and Control Persons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Taehun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Beom","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Young","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Oh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6749-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9947-5791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Shin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Psychotheray, College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Ho","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Psychotheray, College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Statistical Office (2012). Korean Statistics 2010: The Causes of Death, Korean Statistical Information Service."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830120085015","article-title":"Suicidal behavior runs in families: A controlled family study of adolescent suicide victims","volume":"53","author":"Brent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1027\/\/0227-5910.22.2.61","article-title":"What can psychiatric genetics offer suicidology?","volume":"22","author":"McGuffin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00915-1","article-title":"The role of dopamine and serotonin in suicidal behaviour and aggression","volume":"172","author":"Ryding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.593","article-title":"A tryptophan hydroxylase gene marker for suicidality and alcoholism","volume":"55","author":"Nielsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.12.1539","article-title":"Reduced CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid and homovanillic acid to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratios in depressed patients: Relationship to suicidal behavior and dexamethasone nonsuppression","volume":"143","author":"Roy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31118","article-title":"Rare genotype combination of the serotonin transporter gene associated with treatment response in severe personality disorder","volume":"153B","author":"Perroud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000142361","article-title":"Association of polymorphism (Val66Met) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with suicide attempts in depressed patients","volume":"57","author":"Sarchiapone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30521","article-title":"The effect of genetic variation of the serotonin 1B receptor gene on impulsive aggres-sive behavior and suicide","volume":"144B","author":"Zouk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001313","article-title":"The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene in suicidal behaviour: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.05.030","article-title":"Association study of BDNF with completed suicide in the Japanese population","volume":"209","author":"Hishimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001890","article-title":"Meta-analysis supports association between serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and suicidal behavior","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00217-X","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid amines and higher-lethality suicide attempts in depressed inpatients","volume":"41","author":"Mann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000578","article-title":"Identification of four variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter and association to behavior","volume":"4","author":"Rotondo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000846","article-title":"Suicide attempts and the tryptophan hydroxylase gene","volume":"6","author":"Abbar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.09.019","article-title":"Increased risk of suicide attempt in mood disorders and TPH1 genotype","volume":"115","author":"Galfalvy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01748-1","article-title":"Genetic variations in tryptophan hydroxylase in suicidal behavior: Analysis and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Rujescu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20015","article-title":"Association between the TPH gene A218C polymorphism and suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis","volume":"124B","author":"Bellivier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-0113-x","article-title":"Further clarification of the contribution of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene to suicidal behavior using systematic allelic and genotypic meta-analyses","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00556-2","article-title":"A unique central tryptophan hydroxylase isoform","volume":"66","author":"Walther","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.07.015","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype analysis of a novel tryptophan hydroxylase isoform (TPH2) gene in suicide victims","volume":"56","author":"Zill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"69","article-title":"Polymorphic variants and association analysis of TPH2, brain tryptophan hydroxylase","volume":"122B","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.008","article-title":"Effect of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene variants on suicide risk in major depression","volume":"62","author":"Brezo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.08.009","article-title":"Genetics of emergent suicidality during antidepressive treatment\u2014Data from a naturalistic study on a large sample of inpatients with a major depressive episode","volume":"23","author":"Musil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08788.2003","article-title":"Impaired repression at a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor gene polymorphism associated with major depression and suicide","volume":"23","author":"Lemonde","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"105","article-title":"Increased DNA methylation of the 5-HT1A receptor promoter in suicide brain","volume":"11","author":"Albert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2012.02333.x","article-title":"Serotonin 1A receptor genetic variations, suicide, and life events in the Iranian population","volume":"66","author":"Rad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.05.016","article-title":"Anger- and aggression-related traits are associated with polymorphisms in the 5-HT-2A gene","volume":"96","author":"Giegling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.12.006","article-title":"An association study of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes with the suicidal ideation of major depression in a Chinese Han population","volume":"170","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2015.0029","article-title":"Association between BDNF gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children","volume":"19","author":"Kwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2025, October 27). Available online: https:\/\/www.macrogen.com\/en\/business\/diagnosis\/ngs-panel."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.07.001","article-title":"The asso-ciation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met) and suicide","volume":"128","author":"Pregelj","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30849","article-title":"Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genetic polymorphism (Val66Met) in suicide: A study of 512 cases","volume":"150B","author":"Zarrilli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.006","article-title":"Investigating the role of BDNF and CCK system genes in suicidality in a familial bipolar cohort","volume":"151","author":"Sears","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000327605","article-title":"Influence of BDNF variants on diagnosis and response to treatment in patients with major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Pae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-011-8159-5","article-title":"Association study of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and body weight change in schizophrenic patients under long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.044","article-title":"Reduced hippocampus volume and memory performance in bipolar disorder patients carrying the BDNF val66met met allele","volume":"198","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e328360c894","article-title":"BDNF polymorphism rs11030101 is associated with the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"23","author":"Viikki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.01.005","article-title":"The effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms on neurostructural changes in major depressive disorder","volume":"273","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.034","article-title":"BDNF\u2014A key transducer of antidepressant effects","volume":"102","author":"Monteggia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.015","article-title":"Association of a polyadenylation polymorphism in the serotonin transporter and panic disorder","volume":"67","author":"Gyawali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.03.007","article-title":"Independent effects of 5\u2032 and 3\u2032 functional variants in the serotonin transporter gene on suicidal behavior in the context of childhood trauma","volume":"47","author":"Enoch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"40","article-title":"An Examination of Suicide Attempts among Inmates","volume":"14","author":"Serin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Forum Correct. Res."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/11\/1304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:28:46Z","timestamp":1762176526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/16\/11\/1304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["genes16111304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes16111304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}