{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:14:29Z","timestamp":1792804469567,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"internal funds from the Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026yy9j15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"iBS-TEC14"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic endometritis (CE) has been linked to implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and endometrial dysbiosis with low Lactobacillus abundance. We assessed the endometrial microbiota in infertile women with CE and the added value of combining intensified culturomics with 16S rDNA NGS. Methods: Cross-sectional study with descriptive results of 15 endometrial biopsies analyzed in parallel by intensified culture and 16S rDNA (V3\u2013V6) sequencing (RA threshold \u2265 5%). Results: Culture yielded growth in 13\/15 samples (86.7%), whereas NGS reported findings in 15\/15 (100%). NGS provided additional taxa beyond culture in 14\/15 (93.3%), while culture identified taxa missed by NGS in 10\/15 (66.7%). In both culture-negative cases, NGS detected \u22651 taxon. Lactobacillus spp. appeared exclusively by NGS in 26.7% of samples; Fannyhessea vaginae showed the highest mean RA by NGS and did not grow in culture, underscoring complementarity. Conclusions: 16S NGS complements intensified culturomics for characterizing the endometrial microbiota in CE, enhancing detection\u2014especially when culture is negative\u2014and supports a combined, clinically contextualized interpretation. Larger, controlled cohorts are warranted to validate diagnostic and prognostic utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16121432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endometrial Microbial Profile in Infertile Women with Chronic Endometritis: Intensified Culturomics and 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Lara-del-R\u00edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Bernal-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Ruiz-Cabello-Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Navarro-Mar\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ticconi, C., Inversetti, A., Marraffa, S., Campagnolo, L., Arthur, J., Zambella, E., and Di Simone, N. 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