{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:28:21Z","timestamp":1783722501098,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research and Inovation Agency","award":["ARIS P3-0326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARIS P3-0326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide recently. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, and it is the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase and is involved in stress responses such as hypoxic and genotoxic stress, inflammation and heat shock. Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) is an important inflammatory mediator that is involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between the SIRT1 rs7069102 polymorphism and TNF- \u03b1 rs1800629 polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: We analyzed 1554 Slovenian (Caucasian) patients with T2DM of at least 10 years\u2019 duration, stratifying them into two groups: 577 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 977 patients without DR. Genotyping of SIRT1 rs7069102 and TNF-\u03b1 rs1800629 polymorphisms was performed using the StepOne real-time PCR System with TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Results and Conclusions: A significant difference in the distribution of SIRT1 rs7069102 genotypes and alleles was observed between the groups. Under the dominant inheritance model, patients with CC or CG genotypes were more likely to develop DR than those with the GG genotype (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.65; p = 0.036). No significant association was found between TNF-\u03b1 rs1800629 and DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17020221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:10:52Z","timestamp":1770743452000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SIRT1 rs7069102 Polymorphism Confers Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Melina","family":"Be\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1473-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jernej","family":"Letonja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojca","family":"Globo\u010dnik Petrovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000  Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Peterlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"\u0160uligoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Stare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Petrovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.075","article-title":"The role of SIRT1 in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"97","author":"Karbasforooshan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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