{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:30:54Z","timestamp":1791952254482,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca Corrente anno 2025, Ministero della Salute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) represents a critical global health challenge, with its prevalence and associated costs expected to double significantly by 2030 and 2050. While lifestyle interventions are crucial, sporadic late-onset AD has a substantial genetic component (40\u201380% heritability), though known variants limit the scope of traditional precision medicine. Crucially, sex and gender are significant risk determinants, with women accounting for two-thirds of cases due to a complex interplay of biological and sociocultural factors. This review focuses on the influence of genetic and gender-related factors, examining large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and their role in developing advanced genetic risk scores (GRS) for precision genomics. We also explore the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for multimodal big data analysis and digital health tools to promote personalized prevention and emerging concerns about ethics, privacy and data treatment. The convergence of these findings underscores the urgent need for a genetic-, sex- and gender-informed precision-medicine approach to AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17020233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:05:46Z","timestamp":1770897946000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s 2030: From Precision Genomics to Artificial Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"D\u2019Argenio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Tomaiuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20123 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Bargeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Sancesario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank and Clinical Neurochemistry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"European Center for Brain Research, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91272-6","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Finnish twins","volume":"347","author":"Raiha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1608","article-title":"Multiple-threshold models for genetic influences on age of onset for Alzheimer disease: Findings in Swedish twins","volume":"105","author":"Pedersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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