{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T15:14:23Z","timestamp":1773760463646,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac surgery carries substantial risk of early postoperative complications including postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF, 30\u201350%), periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI), acute kidney injury (AKI, 3.8\u201354.4%), bleeding (3\u20135%), stroke, and cognitive dysfunction. This narrative review synthesizes 30+ studies on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as perioperative biomarkers, identifying strongest evidence for cardiac-enriched miR-499 (AUC 0.93, sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 93.3%) and miR-133a (peaks 1\u20133 h post-declamping) in PMI diagnosis -outperforming troponins\u2019 6h kinetics. POAF prediction favors preoperative miR-483-5p (AUC 0.78), while AKI, bleeding (miR-223), and neurological injury show emerging but less validated candidates (miR-21, miR-210-3p). We critically analyze limitations across studies and outline clinical translation barriers (3\u20136 h assay times, heparin inhibition, lacking standardization) with solutions for point-of-care implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17030326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:42:16Z","timestamp":1773751336000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Short-Term Complications After Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Kozik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6108-6332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila Konstancja","family":"Kowalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 137 Wo\u0142oska Street, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Burysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 86-300 Grudzi\u0105dz, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Batko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAROL\u2014Cardiothoracic Anatomy Research Operative Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 137 Wo\u0142oska Street, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990\u20132022","volume":"82","author":"Mensah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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