{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:15:20Z","timestamp":1777673720937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["202504BI090010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202504BI090010"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Seed Industry Joint Laboratory Project","award":["202205AR070001-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AR070001-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cymbidium kanran \u2018Zhushalan\u2019 is a famous traditional Chinese orchid with high ornamental and economic value. As its market expands, there is a need to improve its key horticultural traits and stress resistance. Unfortunately, these traits are difficult to breed using traditional methods, and an optimal regeneration and genetic transformation system for C. kanran has yet to be established. Methods: This study evaluated the factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and regeneration of C. kanran \u2018Zhushalan\u2019 using rhizomes obtained from seedlings as receptor material. Results: The highest regeneration frequency was achieved after pre-cultivating the rhizomes in the dark on \u00bd MS medium for 10 days. The genetic transformation system was optimized as follows: Agrobacterium strain, EHA105; optimal concentration of Agrobacterium solution, OD600 = 0.6; 100 mg\u00b7L\u22121 acetosyringone; an infection time of no more than 40 min; and co-culturing for one to three days. Positive strains were screened using meropenem (15 mg\u00b7L\u22121) and hygromycin (50 mg\u00b7L\u22121) and confirmed through PCR and qRT-PCR. A transformation rate of 11.67% was achieved. Conclusions: An efficient regeneration and genetic transformation system for C. kanran \u2018Zhushalan\u2019 has been established for developing transgenic technologies. Our findings will stimulate research on functional genes and molecular breeding related to C. kanran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17050515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:43:51Z","timestamp":1777448631000},"page":"515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficient Regeneration and Genetic Transformation System for Cymbidium kanran \u2018Zhushalan\u2019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flower Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flower Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"},{"name":"College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flower Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhouning County Forestry (Flower) Industry Development Center, 2nd Floor, Shicheng International, Shicheng Town, Zhouning County, Ningde 355400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dali Orchid Industry Development Co., Ltd., Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenchong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flower Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flower Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3103\/S0095452723020093","article-title":"Modern Approaches to Genetic Engineering in the Orchidaceae Family","volume":"57","author":"Ovcharenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytol. 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