{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:17:55Z","timestamp":1777673875351,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies constitute a group of immune-mediated disorders primarily affecting skeletal muscle, but they may also lead to significant involvement of internal organs. These conditions are highly heterogeneous, encompassing diverse clinical manifestations and multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A unifying feature across this disease spectrum is an autoimmune response characterized by the production of highly specific autoantibodies, which are detected in the majority of patients. Genetic studies have identified the principal susceptibility background as the 8.1 ancestral haplotype within the HLA region on chromosome 6. However, genetic predisposition extends beyond HLA loci and includes numerous genes encoding key molecules involved in cytokine production, the regulation of immune signaling pathways, and metabolic processes. In this paper, we review the currently identified genetic loci associated with inflammatory myopathies, with particular emphasis on the HLA system, as well as non-HLA genes and newly identified candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17050517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:43:51Z","timestamp":1777448631000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunogenetics of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: The Role of HLA Genes Within and Beyond the Ancestral Haplotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Gumkowska-Sroka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Kotyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8376-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Kotyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-01033-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"19","author":"Khoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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