{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:04:35Z","timestamp":1780635875693,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CF-MG-20191004101335125-51208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-MG-20191004101335125-51208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myocardial infarction triggers a complex remodeling process involving inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and electrical adaptation, ultimately predisposing the heart to failure. Kr\u00fcppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcriptional regulators implicated in cardiovascular development and disease; however, a comprehensive temporal characterization of their coordinated activity during post-injury remodeling remains lacking. Objective: To define the temporal orchestration of the KLF family during myocardial injury and hypertrophy, and to integrate these dynamics within regulatory networks associated with cardiac remodeling. Methods: Myocardial injury was induced in rats using intraperitoneal isoproterenol. Left ventricular tissue was collected over a 21-day period. Cardiac morphometry, histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative gene expression analyses were performed to evaluate structural and transcriptional changes. Publicly available human cardiac and fibroblast datasets were analyzed for translational comparison, and protein\u2013protein interaction networks were constructed to identify functional associations. Results: Isoproterenol treatment induced progressive hypertrophy, structural disorganization, and sustained fibrotic remodeling. KLFs displayed coordinated, phase-specific regulation, characterized by early activation of inflammation-associated members, intermediate engagement of factors linked to transforming growth factor signaling and hypertrophy modulation, and late induction of regulators associated with apoptosis and scar formation. These temporal patterns paralleled changes in inflammatory mediators, cardiac transcription factors, and genes involved in electrical and calcium handling pathways. Human expression analyses supported tissue-specific specialization of key KLFs. Conclusions: KLFs exhibit a coordinated and temporally structured regulatory program during myocardial remodeling, functioning as a transcriptional network that integrates inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and electrical adaptation. These findings position KLFs as key regulatory nodes in cardiac remodeling and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17060657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:33:14Z","timestamp":1780479194000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Orchestration of Kr\u00fcppel-like Factors During Cardiac Remodeling Following Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5957-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Santoyo-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Andr\u00e9s","family":"Garc\u00eda-Loredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena Deyanira","family":"Mares-Montemayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Delgado-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Garza-Oca\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8135-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Soto-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Camacho-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1851-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Zapata-Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo R.","family":"Padilla-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa N.","family":"Garza-Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0337-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Francisco","family":"Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, August 03). 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