{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:28:58Z","timestamp":1790126938215,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Immune modulation is central to cutaneous melanoma, and antitumor immune responses may be influenced by host genetic background. This study investigated the association between the interleukin-1\u03b2 gene (IL1B) exon 5 synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1143634 (+3954 C&gt;T) and cutaneous melanoma in a Northeast Italian case\u2013control cohort. Methods: The study included 133 Caucasian patients with cutaneous melanoma and 945 healthy controls from Northeast Italy. The rs1143634 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Compared with healthy controls, melanoma patients showed higher frequencies of the rs1143634 T allele [27.8% vs. 20.3%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13\u20132.03, p = 0.005] and CT genotype (43.6% vs. 31.6%; OR = 1.67, CI = 1.16\u20132.42, p = 0.006), whereas the CC genotype was less frequent (50.4% vs. 63.9%; OR = 0.57, CI = 0.40\u20130.83, p = 0.003). TT + CT genotypes were more frequent among non-metastatic melanoma cases than controls (OR = 2.23, CI = 1.37\u20133.64, p = 0.001), but the direct comparison between metastatic and non-metastatic cases was not statistically significant. Among melanoma patients, TT + CT carriers showed an inverse association with Stage IV disease (OR = 0.38, CI = 0.15\u20130.94, p = 0.036) and a positive association with upper-limb melanoma (OR = 9.10, CI = 1.11\u201375.0, p = 0.040); these subgroup findings were exploratory because of small numbers and wide confidence intervals. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest a possible association between IL1B rs1143634 T allele carriage and cutaneous melanoma susceptibility in this cohort. The Stage IV and upper-limb observations should be considered hypothesis-generating. Larger independent studies, correction-aware statistical designs, cytokine or expression measurements, and functional validation are needed to confirm these observations and clarify their biological relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17070786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:17:51Z","timestamp":1783606671000},"page":"786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interleukin-1\u03b2 Gene (IL1B) rs1143634 (+3954 C&gt;T) Polymorphism and Cutaneous Melanoma Risk: An Observational Case-Control Study in Northeast Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Cauci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Buligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bazzichetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Petris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Fegato ETS\u2014Italian Liver Foundation ETS, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Stinco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.70111","article-title":"Precision medicine in cutaneous melanoma\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Reitmajer","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. 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