{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T05:07:16Z","timestamp":1783832836722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFD2401102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFC2812105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2812105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Industry university research cooperation projects of Ningde","award":["2025C002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C002"]}]},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture","award":["NERC202413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NERC202413"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD82"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The visual system plays critical roles in fish feeding, predator avoidance, and reproduction, with the phototransduction pathway serving as the core molecular mechanism of visual signal transduction. This study represents the first systematic analysis of phototransduction-related genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Methods: Bioinformatics, transcriptomic analysis, and RT-qPCR were used to identify phototransduction-related genes in large yellow croaker and analyze their developmental expression patterns and responses to different light spectra. Results: Thirty phototransduction-related genes were identified, including genes involved in light perception, signal amplification, and signal termination and recovery. Structural analyses indicated that these genes were highly conserved in teleosts. Most genes showed low expression during 1\u20137 days post-hatching (dph), increased expression during 7\u201324 dph, and stable expression during 24\u201335 dph. Collectively, these results identify 15\u201324 dph as a critical developmental window for visual system maturation in large yellow croaker larvae. Under different spectral treatments at 15 dph, phototransduction-related genes exhibited wavelength-dependent expression patterns. Under the present experimental conditions, relatively higher expression levels of most phototransduction-related genes were observed under blue- and green-light treatments, whereas relatively lower expression levels were observed under the red-light treatment. Key downstream genes, including gucy2f, guca1d, calml4a, and rgs9b, were significantly affected by different light spectra. Conclusions: This study revealed the developmental dynamics and spectral response characteristics of phototransduction-related genes in the large yellow croaker. These findings provide new insights into teleost visual development and light adaptation and provide a molecular basis for future studies aimed at optimizing light conditions during larval rearing in large yellow croaker aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17070788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:16:28Z","timestamp":1783689388000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental and Light-Induced Expression Patterns of Phototransduction Pathway Genes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shaocong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"},{"name":"Ningde Dingcheng Fishery Company Limited, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266200, China"},{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.10.036","article-title":"Effects of light during early larval development of some aquacultured teleosts a review","volume":"315","author":"Villamizar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-3-213","article-title":"The opsin","volume":"6","author":"Akihisa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0050","article-title":"The evolution of irradiance detection: Melanopsin and the non-visual opsins","volume":"364","author":"Peirson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. 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