{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:48:42Z","timestamp":1785836922994,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A660605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A660605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["N42A660605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A660605"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018wfhg78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development and Innovation","award":["B13F670053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B13F670053"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Competitiveness","award":["C23F670224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C23F670224"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit on Area Based Development","award":["A11F680039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A11F680039"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF(KU) 61.69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU) 61.69"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FF(KU) 61.69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU) 61.69"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gzceg21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Betagro Group","award":["6501.0901.1\/68"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6501.0901.1\/68"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Clariid catfishes are a cornerstone of Southeast Asian aquaculture, where intensive breeding and interspecific hybridization have significantly decreased genetic diversity. To address the limited understanding of growth-governing molecular determinants, we characterized the genomic architecture and evolutionary dynamics of the myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene, a master regulator of myogenesis, in 511 individuals from 17 catfish populations in Thailand. Methods: A total of 511 individuals representing 17 catfish populations were analyzed. A 334-bp fragment of exon 1 of the Myf5 gene was sequenced using Illumina short-read technology. Genetic diversity indices were calculated to evaluate sequence variation, population structure, and selective constraints acting on the locus. Results: Sequence analysis of a 334-bp segment of exon 1 using Illumina short-read technology identified 17 haplotypes and 92 variable sites, which revealed moderate allelic richness despite low overall nucleotide diversity (\u03c0 \u2248 0.008). Evolutionary analyses indicated that the Myf5 locus is governed by stringent purifying selection (\u03c9 = 0.063), wherein site-specific constraints preserve the stability of the \u03b1-helix folding architecture, which is essential for myogenic regulation. Population genetic analyses revealed substantial differentiation among taxa (56% among-population variation), while Bayesian clustering successfully resolved a hierarchical structure (K = 2) that distinguished Clarias gariepinus, Clarias macrocephalus, and Clarias batrachus. These findings demonstrate that species-specific Myf5 haplotypes serve as diagnostic markers for identifying parental species and assisting in the identification of F1 hybrid stocks. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides the molecular markers for species identification, broodstock authentication, hybrid detection, and sustainable genetic management of Thai Clariid resources, which are critical for balancing production efficiency with the conservation of native biodiversity in Southeast Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17080920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1785834922000},"page":"920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purifying Selection and Interspecific Differentiation at the Myf5 Locus Inform Hybrid Identification and Genetic Management of Thai Clariid Resources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Phonemany","family":"Thammachak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ton Huu Duc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology Education, School of Education, Can Tho University, 3\/2 Street, Ninh Kieu Ward, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinrapat","family":"Nitipatpornpanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Huynh","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology Education, School of Education, Can Tho University, 3\/2 Street, Ninh Kieu Ward, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edem Uduak","family":"Linus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Plant Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thitipong","family":"Panthum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kednapat","family":"Sriphairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sittichai","family":"Hatachote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satid","family":"Chatchaiphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaiwut","family":"Grudpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarungjit","family":"Grudpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suphada","family":"Kiriratnikom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Science and Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiraboon","family":"Prasanpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalasin Fish Hatchery (Betagro Public Company Limited), Kalasin 46000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orathai","family":"Sawatdichaikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worapong","family":"Singchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5985-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kornsorn","family":"Srikulnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phetsang, H., Panpipat, W., Panya, A., Phonsatta, N., and Chaijan, M. 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